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Changing hormone levels during pregnancy and postpartum as well as parental experience cause changes in the parental brain. Both the father and mother undergo distinct biological changes as they transition to parents, but the changes that occur in the paternal brain are not as well studied. Similar to the changes that occur in the maternal brain, the same areas of the brain (amygdala, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, olfactory bulb etc.) are activated in the father, and hormonal changes occur in the paternal brain to ensure display of parenting behavior. In only 5% of mammalian species, including humans, the father plays a significant role in caring for his young. Paternal caregiving has independently evolved multiple times in mammals, and can appear in some species under captivity.[1]
Paternal behavior in humans takes many forms, including feeding, carrying, and playing with one's child.[2]
^Rilling, James K; Mascaro, Jennifer S (2017). "The neurobiology of fatherhood". Current Opinion in Psychology. 15: 26–32. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.013. PMID 28813264.
^Storey, Anne E.; Ziegler, Toni E. (2016-01-01). "Primate paternal care: Interactions between biology and social experience". Hormones and Behavior. Parental Care. 77: 260–271. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.024. ISSN 0018-506X. PMC 4968077. PMID 26253726.
brain. Both the father and mother undergo distinct biological changes as they transition to parents, but the changes that occur in the paternalbrain...
fear, power/dominance etc.). Less is known about the paternalbrain, but changes in the father's brain occur alongside the mother. Research on this topic...
Roland G.; Rilling, James K. (2018). "Explaining individual variation in paternalbrain responses to infant cries". Physiology & Behavior. 193 (A): 43–54. doi:10...
In biology, paternal care is parental investment provided by a male to his own offspring. It is a complex social behaviour in vertebrates associated with...
1785. James Byden, Biden's paternal fourth great-grandfather, was from Pagham. He was the son of Richard Byden, Biden's paternal fifth great-grandfather...
In genetics, paternal mtDNA transmission and paternal mtDNA inheritance refer to the incidence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) being passed from a father...
Specifically, proponents of the imprinted brain hypothesis propose that autism spectrum disorders are caused by paternal overimprinting, while schizophrenia...
Katherine and Christina, a younger brother, Christopher, and a younger paternal half-brother, Joseph. His maternal grandparents were activist Eunice Kennedy...
her offspring, independent of the offspring's genotype. In contrast, a paternal effect is when a phenotype results from the genotype of the father, rather...
Correlations between paternal smoking and the increased risk of offspring developing childhood cancers (including acute leukemia, brain tumors, and lymphoma)...
Paternal depression is a psychological disorder derived from parental depression. Paternal depression affects the mood of men; fathers and caregivers in...
and control fetuses (1 maternal, 1 paternal genome). An intriguing study surveying the transcriptome of murine brain tissues revealed over 1300 imprinted...
care), females alone (exclusive maternal care) or males alone (exclusive paternal care). Care can be provided at any stage of the offspring's life, from...
inherits a maternal copy of UBE3A and a paternal copy of UBE3A. In certain areas of the developing brain, the paternal copy of UBE3A is inactivated through...
medieval hymn, "Veni Creator Spiritus", which asks the 'finger of the paternal right hand' (digitus paternae dexterae) to give the faithful speech. The...
gene involved in mammalian brain development. It is located on Chromosome 20 in humans and is only expressed from the paternal allele in normal adults....
series. Other major characters include Buster, Muffy, Francine, Binky, the Brain, Sue Ellen, Mr. Ratburn, D.W., Kate, and Arthur's parents. Minor characters—such...
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), also known as disorders of gut–brain interaction, include a number of separate idiopathic disorders which affect...
Robbins. She has two maternal half-brothers, Jack and Miles, as well as two paternal half-siblings, Leone and Augusta, from her father's marriage to Heide Lund...
New Hampshire, and raised nearby, primarily by Lake Sunapee. She is the paternal half-sister of actress Liv Tyler (whose mother is model and singer Bebe...
יובל; born: August 2, 1958) is an Israeli psychoanalyst, psychiatrist and brain researcher. He is an Associate Professor of the Practice at the Department...
David J.; Moore, Jason R.; Erickson, Gregory M.; et al. (2008). "Avian Paternal Care Had Dinosaur Origin". Science. 322 (5909). Washington, D.C.: American...
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