Influence of mother's environment and genotype on offspring's phenotype
This article is about the legitimate scientific concept of genes that are expressed only when carried by the female parent. For the generally discredited theory, see maternal impression.
A maternal effect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and genotype of its mother. In genetics, maternal effects occur when an organism shows the phenotype expected from the genotype of the mother, irrespective of its own genotype, often due to the mother supplying messenger RNA or proteins to the egg. Maternal effects can also be caused by the maternal environment independent of genotype, sometimes controlling the size, sex, or behaviour of the offspring. These adaptive maternal effects lead to phenotypes of offspring that increase their fitness. Further, it introduces the concept of phenotypic plasticity, an important evolutionary concept. It has been proposed that maternal effects are important for the evolution of adaptive responses to environmental heterogeneity.
A maternaleffect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also...
of genes that give way to the developmental structure of the fly: maternaleffect genes, segmentation genes, and homeotic genes. The development of Drosophila...
A genetically modified (GM) insect is an insect that has been genetically modified, either through mutagenesis, or more precise processes of transgenesis...
Maternaleffect dominant embryonic arrest (Medea) is a selfish gene composed of a toxin and an antidote. A mother carrying Medea will express the toxin...
was one of the first two Smad genes discovered. For both genes, the maternaleffect lethality was the basis for selection of their names. Medea was named...
conflated". Evolvability – Capacity of a system for adaptive evolution Maternaleffect – Influence of mother's environment and genotype on offspring's phenotype...
regulated in a complex manner by the maternal-effect gene bicoid. Both embryonically transcribed hunchback and maternally transcribed hunchback are activated...
"Epilepsy risk in offspring of affected parents; a cohort study of the "maternaleffect" in epilepsy". Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 8 (1):...
system is called MaternalEffect Genomic Imprinting Sex Determination (MEGISD). This model involves a masculinizing/virilizing maternaleffect gene that “imprints...
Advanced maternal age, in a broad sense, is the instance of a woman being of an older age at a stage of reproduction, although there are various definitions...
Maternal health is the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. In most cases, maternal health encompasses the health...
sequence encoding the small subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA. Maternaleffect Plasmid Xenia (plants) C. W. Birky, Jr. (1994). "Relaxed and stringent...
edition. Elsevier. Retrieved 6 October 2013. Marlow, Florence L (2020). MaternalEffect Genes in Development. Academic Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0128152218....
"deficiencies of the data and the lack of theory to link alleged cause and effect" in Maternal Care and Mental Health in his later work Attachment and Loss published...
zygote by the mother during oogenesis or via nurse cells, resulting in maternaleffect phenotypes. A smaller quantity of sperm RNA is transmitted from the...
physically separate maternal and fetal circulations, and is an important endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal physiology...
not inherit it. It occurs in the flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). Maternal-effect selfish genes have been successfully synthesized in the lab. Transposons...
below is the process that leads to cell and tissue differentiation. Maternal-effect genes help to define the anterior-posterior axis using Bicoid (gene)...
Black maternal mortality in the United States refers to the death of women, specifically those who identify as Black or African American, during or after...
Cinderella effect Mother's boy Babywearing, co-sleeping Breastfeeding and mental health Winkler J (January 2000). "[Development of the maternal bond during...
that a paternal-age effect might exist with respect to Down syndrome, but it is very small in comparison to the maternal-age effect. A review in 2005 found...
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