Velocity of a particle in a medium as it transmits a wave
Sound measurements
Characteristic
Symbols
Sound pressure
p, SPL, LPA
Particle velocity
v, SVL
Particle displacement
δ
Sound intensity
I, SIL
Sound power
P, SWL, LWA
Sound energy
W
Sound energy density
w
Sound exposure
E, SEL
Acoustic impedance
Z
Audio frequency
AF
Transmission loss
TL
v
t
e
Particle velocity (denoted v or SVL) is the velocity of a particle (real or imagined) in a medium as it transmits a wave. The SI unit of particle velocity is the metre per second (m/s). In many cases this is a longitudinal wave of pressure as with sound, but it can also be a transverse wave as with the vibration of a taut string.
When applied to a sound wave through a medium of a fluid like air, particle velocity would be the physical speed of a parcel of fluid as it moves back and forth in the direction the sound wave is travelling as it passes.
Particle velocity should not be confused with the speed of the wave as it passes through the medium, i.e. in the case of a sound wave, particle velocity is not the same as the speed of sound. The wave moves relatively fast, while the particles oscillate around their original position with a relatively small particle velocity. Particle velocity should also not be confused with the velocity of individual molecules, which depends mostly on the temperature and molecular mass.
In applications involving sound, the particle velocity is usually measured using a logarithmic decibel scale called particle velocity level. Mostly pressure sensors (microphones) are used to measure sound pressure which is then propagated to the velocity field using Green's function.
Particlevelocity (denoted v or SVL) is the velocity of a particle (real or imagined) in a medium as it transmits a wave. The SI unit of particle velocity...
positive x-axis around the circle to the particle is ℓ = r ϕ {\displaystyle \ell =r\phi } , and the linear velocity is v ( t ) = d ℓ d t = r ω ( t ) {\textstyle...
particles, and moving these particles around in the search-space according to simple mathematical formula over the particle's position and velocity....
Thermal velocity or thermal speed is a typical velocity of the thermal motion of particles that make up a gas, liquid, etc. Thus, indirectly, thermal velocity...
which the sound wave is travelling. A particle of the medium undergoes displacement according to the particlevelocity of the sound wave traveling through...
charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium (such as distilled water) at a speed greater than the phase velocity (speed of...
acoustic pressure, particlevelocity, particle displacement and acoustic intensity. Acoustic waves travel with a characteristic acoustic velocity that depends...
charge on the particle, E → {\displaystyle {\vec {E}}} is the electric field, v → {\displaystyle {\vec {v}}} is the particlevelocity, and B → {\displaystyle...
\mathbf {I} =p\mathbf {v} } where p is the sound pressure; v is the particlevelocity. Both I and v are vectors, which means that both have a direction...
{p^{2}}{2m}}} where m is the mass of the particle and v is the vector velocity of the particle. A free particle with mass m {\displaystyle m} in non-relativistic...
{\displaystyle z(t)} describe each coordinate of the particle's position as a function of time. The velocity of a particle is a vector quantity that describes the...
a sound wave, the complementary variable to sound pressure is the particlevelocity. Together, they determine the sound intensity of the wave. Sound intensity...
the particle (the time constant in the exponential decay of the particlevelocity due to drag), u 0 {\displaystyle u_{0}} is the fluid velocity of the...
A particlevelocity probe is a probe capable of measuring the acoustic particlevelocity. Currently there are two commercially available particle velocity...
roughness. Generally, the coating quality increases with increasing particlevelocities. Several variations of thermal spraying are distinguished: Plasma...
coordinates equal to the boundaries of the time period for the average velocity. When a particle moves with different uniform speeds v1, v2, v3, ..., vn in different...
Sound is defined as "(a) Oscillation in pressure, stress, particle displacement, particlevelocity, etc., propagated in a medium with internal forces (e.g...
instantaneous velocity measurements and related properties in fluids. The fluid is seeded with tracer particles which, for sufficiently small particles, are assumed...
proven more useful.) De Broglie identified the velocity of the particle, v, with the wave group velocity in free space: v g ≡ ∂ ω ∂ k = d ν d ( 1 / λ )...
where V is the volume of interest; p is the sound pressure; v is the particlevelocity; ρ0 is the density of the medium without sound present; ρ is the local...
measured using particlevelocity sensors located near a vibrating structure. Several studies have revealed the potential of particlevelocity sensors for...
The phase velocity of a wave is the rate at which the wave propagates in any medium. This is the velocity at which the phase of any one frequency component...
that does enclose the axis once. The tangential component of the particlevelocity is then u θ = Γ 2 π r {\displaystyle u_{\theta }={\tfrac {\Gamma }{2\pi...
wavefield. The equation describes the evolution of acoustic pressure p or particlevelocity u as a function of position x and time t. A simplified (scalar) form...
the particle is shaded in green in the figure, bounded by the line segments AB and AC and the curve along which the particle moves. The areal velocity magnitude...
independent of particlevelocity is what allows a single, fixed gap to be used to accelerate a particle travelling in a spiral. Each time a particle crosses...
derivative) of velocity. It is thus a vector quantity with dimension length/time2. In SI units, this is m/s2. To accelerate an object (air particle) is to change...
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