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In physics, a free particle is a particle that, in some sense, is not bound by an external force, or equivalently not in a region where its potential energy varies. In classical physics, this means the particle is present in a "field-free" space. In quantum mechanics, it means the particle is in a region of uniform potential, usually set to zero in the region of interest since the potential can be arbitrarily set to zero at any point in space.

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Free particle

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In physics, a free particle is a particle that, in some sense, is not bound by an external force, or equivalently not in a region where its potential...

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Quantum mechanics

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system with a position degree of freedom is a free particle in a single spatial dimension. A free particle is one which is not subject to external influences...

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Particle in a box

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the particle in a box model (also known as the infinite potential well or the infinite square well) describes the movement of a free particle in a small...

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Relativistic Lagrangian mechanics

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moving particle is different from non-relativistic mechanics. It is instructive to look at the total relativistic energy of a free test particle. An observer...

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Free electron

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Free electron in physics may refer to: Electron, as a free particle Solvated electron Charge carrier, as carriers of electric charge Valence electron...

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Massless particle

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In particle physics, a massless particle is an elementary particle whose invariant mass is zero. At present the only confirmed massless particle is the...

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Path integral formulation

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of this is that the amplitude for a free particle to travel between two points includes amplitudes for the particle to fluctuate into an antiparticle,...

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Particle in a ring

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mechanics, the case of a particle in a one-dimensional ring is similar to the particle in a box. The Schrödinger equation for a free particle which is restricted...

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Heat equation

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of free space that does not contain a charge. It is described by Laplace's equation: ∇ 2 u = 0 {\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}u=0} One can model particle diffusion...

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W and Z bosons

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In particle physics, the W and Z bosons are vector bosons that are together known as the weak bosons or more generally as the intermediate vector bosons...

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Subatomic particle

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physics, a subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, a subatomic particle can be either a...

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Higgs boson

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Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation...

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Wave function

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function that depends upon position is the probability density of measuring a particle as being at a given place. The integral of a wavefunction's squared modulus...

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Particle accelerator

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A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies, and to contain them...

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Charge carrier

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a charge carrier is a particle or quasiparticle that is free to move, carrying an electric charge, especially the particles that carry electric charges...

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Darwin Lagrangian

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Lagrangian for two interacting particles is L = L f + L int , {\displaystyle L=L_{\text{f}}+L_{\text{int}},} where the free particle part is L f = 1 2 m 1 v...

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Complete set of commuting observables

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completely specifies a unique eigenstate of the Hydrogenic atom. For a free particle, the Hamiltonian H = − ℏ 2 2 m ∇ 2 {\displaystyle H=-{\frac {\hbar ^{2}}{2m}}\nabla...

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Mean free path

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In physics, mean free path is the average distance over which a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, or a photon) travels before substantially...

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Propagator

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propagator is a function that specifies the probability amplitude for a particle to travel from one place to another in a given period of time, or to travel...

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Massive particle

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bradyon, tardyon, or ittyon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Elementary particle Massless particle Particle Tachyon Ron Folman; Erasmo Recami (1995). "On...

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Neutron

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The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n0 , which has a neutral (not positive or negative) charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a...

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