Piriform cortex from a 14-day-old mouse, stained for D2-eGFP (green), enkephalin (red) and DAPI (blue) to show nuclei. Epifluorescence.
Details
Identifiers
Latin
Cortex paralimbicus
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
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The paralimbic cortex is an area of three-layered cortex that includes the following regions: the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, the parahippocampal cortex on the medial surface of the temporal lobe, and the cingulate cortex just above the corpus callosum.[1][2]
The paralimbic cortex lies close to, and is directly connected with, the structures of the limbic system.[1] (The prefix para meaning beside or adjacent to.) The paralimbic cortex, also referred to as the mesocortex, or juxtallocortex, is interposed between the neocortex and the allocortex.[3] The paralimbic cortex provides a gradual transition from primary limbic regions, including the septal region, substantia innominata, and the amygdala nuclei, to higher neocortical regions.[4]
There are dense connections between the paralimbic cortex and core limbic structures, in particular the amygdala. The amygdaloid complex comprises both nuclear and cortical layers. These cortical features of the amygdala often extend into the paralimbic areas, blurring the boundaries between limbic and paralimbic regions.[5] Thus, these regions may collectively be termed the ‘paralimbic system’.
It is cytoarchitecturally defined: it has three layers, where layers 2, 3 and 4 are merged, and is intermediate in form between the allocortex (less than six layers) and the neocortex (six distinct layers). It is found within the limbic system, representing the border between neocortical and allocortical parts.[6][7] It has been hypothesized that the cortex should be viewed as concentric rings of allocortex, mesocortex (paralimbic cortex), and isocortex (neocortex).[8]
^ abKolb & Whishaw: Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, 2003.
^Mesulam, 2000 In: M.M. Mesulam, Editor, Principles of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, New York (2000)
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the olfactory cortex and the hippocampus. There is a transitional area between the neocortex and the allocortex called the paralimbiccortex, where layers...
in the brain into a limbic lobe.[citation needed] As a paralimbiccortex, the insular cortex is considered to be a relatively old structure. Functional...
as paralimbiccortex, as all mesocortical transitional areas are found exclusively in paralimbic region, and vice versa - all the paralimbiccortex is...
as paralimbiccortex, as all those mesocortical transitional areas are found exclusively in paralimbic region, and vice versa - all the paralimbic region...
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes of the brain which is involved in the cognitive process of decision-making...
posterior cingulate cortex is considered a paralimbic cortical structure, consisting of Brodmann areas 23 and 31. As part of the paralimbiccortex, it has fewer...
Anterior olfactory nucleus Olfactory tract Anterior commissure Uncus Paralimbiccortex List of regions in the human brain Parent, A. (1996). Carpenter's...
animals, paleocortex is thought to be the most primitive form of cortex. Paralimbiccortex Saladin, K (2012). Anatomy & physiology : the unity of form and...
hippocampi, and reduced gray matter in the cingulate cortex, limbic cortex, and paralimbiccortex in recreational methamphetamine users. Moreover, evidence...
has two main uses: free simple memory and directed simple memory. Paralimbiccortex Regions in the human brain Purves, Dale (2012). Neuroscience (5th ed...
CE, Hoblyn JC, Woodard SA, Ketter TA (December 2010). "Prefrontal and paralimbic metabolic dysregulation related to sustained attention in euthymic older...
22 and the ectorhinal area 36 (Brodmann-1909). The temporal pole is a paralimbic region involved in high level semantic representation and socio-emotional...
Pyramidal cells are found in the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex, the olfactory cortex, and other areas. Dendrite arbors formed...
distributed set of regions that involve association cortex and paralimbic region but spare sensory and motor cortex this is make possible planning process disruption...
the interaction of ancient reward/valuation systems (striatal–limbic–paralimbic) with more phylogenetically advanced perception/predictions systems (temporofrontal)...
categories was in fact rare, with other patterns occurring in limbic regions, paralimbic regions, and uni/heteromodal regions. Brain regions implicated across...
"amygdala-anterior paralimbic" system. This model was based on the consistent functional and structural abnormalities in the ventral prefrontal cortex and amygdala...
the brain stem and suggested that, within the forebrain, the limbic and paralimbic systems showed more activation than other areas. The areas activated during...
(2006). "A cognitive neuroscience perspective on psychopathy: Evidence for paralimbic system dysfunction". Psychiatry Research. 142 (2–3): 107–128. doi:10.1016/j...
both taste and smell occurs in heteromodal regions of the limbic and paralimbic brain. Taste–odor integration occurs at earlier stages of processing....
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the interaction of ancient reward/valuation systems (striatal–limbic–paralimbic) with more phylogenetically advanced perception/predictions systems (temporofrontal)...
hippocampus, temporal-occipital areas, some parts of the cortex, and basal forebrain. The limbic and paralimbic system including the amygdala are other active regions...
the interaction of ancient reward/valuation systems (striatal–limbic–paralimbic) with more phylogenetically advanced perception/predictions systems (temporofrontal)...
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