Global InformationPsychopathy information
| Psychopathy | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation |
|
| Specialty | Psychiatry, clinical psychology, criminology |
| Symptoms | Boldness, superficial charm, pathological lying, lack of empathy or remorse, inclination to violence and psychological manipulation, impulsivity, narcissism |
| Causes | Genetic and environmental issues, such as neglect or abuse by parental figures. |
| Risk factors | Family history, parental neglect, abuse, or psychological manipulation of the affected child |
| Differential diagnosis | Antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, sexual sadism disorder, psychosis, other psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, or schizoaffective disorder |
| Prevention | Proper care of children |
| Treatment | Very few accepted treatments. Use of psychotherapy is accepted, though benefits are weak. |
| Medication | None |
| Prognosis | Poor |
Psychopathy, or psychopathic personality[1] is a personality construct[2] characterized by impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, and egocentric traits masked by superficial charm and the outward presence of apparent normality.[3][4][5][6]
Hervey M. Cleckley, an American psychiatrist, influenced the initial diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality reaction/disturbance in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), as did American psychologist George E. Partridge.[7] The DSM and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) subsequently introduced the diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and dissocial personality disorder (DPD) respectively, stating that these diagnoses have been referred to (or include what is referred to) as psychopathy or sociopathy. The creation of ASPD and DPD was driven by the fact that many of the classic traits of psychopathy were impossible to measure objectively.[8][9][10][11][12] Canadian psychologist Robert D. Hare later repopularized the construct of psychopathy in criminology with his Psychopathy Checklist.[8][10][13][14]
Although no psychiatric or psychological organization has sanctioned a diagnosis titled "psychopathy", assessments of psychopathic characteristics are widely used in criminal justice settings in some nations and may have important consequences for individuals.[specify] The study of psychopathy is an active field of research. The term is also used by the general public, popular press, and in fictional portrayals.[14][15] While the abbreviated term "psycho" is often employed in common usage in general media along with "crazy", "insane", and "mentally ill", there is a categorical difference between psychosis and psychopathy.[16]
- ^ "Psychopathic Personality and How It Develops | HealthyPlace". www.healthyplace.com. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
- ^ Driessen JM, van Baar JM, Sanfey AG, Glennon JC, Brazil IA (July 2021). "Moral strategies and psychopathic traits". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 130 (5): 550–561. doi:10.1037/abn0000675. ISSN 1939-1846. PMID 34472890.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
triarchic modelwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Without Consciencewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Stone MH, Brucato G (2019). The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. pp. 48–52. ISBN 978-1-63388-532-5.
- ^ Smith SF, Lilienfeld SO, Coffey K, Dabbs JM (October 2013). "Are psychopaths and heroes twigs off the same branch? Evidence from college, community, and presidential samples". Journal of Research in Personality. 47 (5): 634–646. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.05.006. ISSN 0092-6566.
- ^ Partridge GE (July 1930). "Current Conceptions of Psychopathic Personality". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1 (87). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Psychiatric Association: 53–99. doi:10.1176/ajp.87.1.53.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
gapwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Semple D (2005). The Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 448–9. ISBN 978-0-19-852783-1.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Handbook of Psychopathywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Hare RD (February 1, 1996). "Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case of Diagnostic Confusion". Psychiatric Times. 13 (2). New York City: MJH Associates. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013.
- ^ Hare RD, Hart SD, Harpur TJ (1991). "Psychopathy and the DSM-IV criteria for antisocial personality disorder". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 100 (3): 391–8. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.3.391. PMID 1918618. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
- ^ Andrade J (23 Mar 2009). Handbook of Violence Risk Assessment and Treatment: New Approaches for Mental Health Professionals. New York City: Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8261-9904-1. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2014 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b "Hare Psychopathy Checklist". Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders. Archived from the original on September 4, 2013. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
- ^ Delisi M, Vaughn MG, Beaver KM, Wright JP (2009). "The Hannibal Lecter Myth: Psychopathy and Verbal Intelligence in the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study". Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 32 (2). New York City: Springer Science+Business Media: 169–77. doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9147-z. S2CID 16184054.
- ^ Hare RD (1999). Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us. New York City: Guilford Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-57230-451-2.