From top, left to right: the Battle of Riachuelo (1865), the Battle of Tuyutí (1866), the Battle of Curupayty (1866), the Battle of Avay (1868), the Battle of Lomas Valentinas (1868), the Battle of Acosta Ñu (1869), the Palacio de los López during the occupation of Asunción (1869), and Paraguayan war prisoners (c. 1870)
Date
13 November 1864[1] – 1 March 1870 (5 years, 3 months, 2 weeks and 2 days)
Location
South America; Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina
Result
Allied victory
Treaty of the Triple Alliance ended
Loizaga–Cotegipe Treaty between Brazil and Paraguay
Machaín-Irigoyen Treaty between Argentina and Paraguay
Free navigation in the Platine region
Allied occupation of Paraguay
Territorial changes
Brazil definitively gained the disputed territories north of the Apa River, now part of Mato Grosso do Sul state.
Argentina definitively gained the disputed Misiones Province and all the disputed lands south of the Pilcomayo River now constituting Formosa Province.
Paraguay permanently lost its claims to lands amounting to almost 40% of its prewar claimed territories.
Belligerents
Empire of Brazil
Argentina
Uruguay
ParaguayCo-belligerent: Federal Party
Commanders and leaders
Emperor Pedro II
Duke of Caxias
Count of Eu
Marquess of Tamandaré
Viscount of Inhaúma
Marquess of Herval
Count of Porto Alegre
Polidoro Jordão
Bartolomé Mitre
Domingo F. Sarmiento
Juan Gelly y Obes
Wenceslao Paunero
Venancio Flores
Enrique Castro
F. Solano López †
Domingo F. Sánchez †
José E. Díaz †
Ignacio Meza †
Elizardo Aquino †
Wenceslao Robles
Vicente Barrios
José M. Bruguez
B. Caballero (POW)
F. I. Resquín (POW)
A. Estigarribia (POW)
Pedro Duarte (POW)
George Thompson
Strength
~139,000[2]
~30,000[3]
5,583[3]
Total: ~175,000
300,000[4]
Casualties and losses
50,000 soldiers
50,000 civilians
18,000 soldiers
13,000 civilians
10,000
Total: unknown, between 50,000–200,000[5]
Unknown, likely 175,000–300,000 soldiers and civilians
Total: 150,000–500,000 dead ...further details
v
t
e
Paraguayan War
Mato Grosso campaign
Marquês de Olinda
1st Corumbá
Fort Novo de Coimbra
Feio River
Dourados
Nioaque
Anhambaí
Fort Miranda
Coxim
Laguna
Apa River
2nd Corumbá
Alegre
Corrientes campaign
Corrientes
San Lorenzo River
Rio Grande do Sul
São Borja
Butuí
Uruguaiana
Riachuelo
Salto
Paso de Mercedes
Paso de Cuevas
Yatay
Pehuajó
Jaguarí
Humaitá campaign
Purutué Bank
Paso de Patria
Laguna Sirena
Itapirú
Estero Bellaco
Paso Cidra
1st Tuyutí
Yataytí Corá
Boquerón
Sauce
Palmar
Curuzú
Curupayty
Arroyo Hondo
Hacienda Laguna
Tuyú Cué
1st Passage of Curupayty
Pilar
Ombú
Estero Rojas
Perecué
Tatayibá
Potrero Obella
Humaitá
Passage
2nd Tuyutí
Paso Ipohy
2nd Passage of Curupayty
Laguna Cierva
Cabral and Lima Barros
1st Iasuií
2nd Iasuií
Poí Island
Barroso and Rio Grande
Acayuazá
Fortín Island
Pikysyry campaign
Yacaré
Paso de Tebicuarí
Surubí
Pikysyry
Dezembrada
Ytororó
Avay
Lomas Valentinas
Angostura
San Fernando
Asunción
Cordilleras campaign
Manduvirá River
Concepción
Ybytimí
Tupí-hú
Sapukái
Diarte
Piribebuy
Acosta Ñu
Piribebuy River
Hondo River
Itapytangua
Tacuaty
Curuguaty
Hucuratí
Loma Rugua
Caguijuru–Caraguataí
Iguatemi
Río Verde
Cambaceguá
Lomaruguá
Cerro Corá
Miranda
The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadliest and bloodiest inter-state war in Latin American history.[6] Paraguay sustained large casualties, but the approximate numbers are disputed. Paraguay was forced to cede disputed territory to Argentina and Brazil. The war began in late 1864, as a result of a conflict between Paraguay and Brazil caused by the Uruguayan War. Argentina and Uruguay entered the war against Paraguay in 1865, and it then became known as the "War of the Triple Alliance."
After Paraguay was defeated in conventional warfare, it conducted a drawn-out guerrilla resistance, a strategy that resulted in the further destruction of the Paraguayan military and the civilian population. Much of the civilian population died due to battle, hunger, and disease. The guerrilla war lasted for 14 months until president Francisco Solano López was killed in action by Brazilian forces in the Battle of Cerro Corá on 1 March 1870. Argentine and Brazilian troops occupied Paraguay until 1876.
^Whigham 2002, pp. 161, 446 n.87.
^Doratioto 2022, p. 483.
^ abDoratioto 2022, p. 488.
^"Las mayores guerras y genocidios del siglo XIXs". Victimario Histórico Militar (in Spanish). De Re Militari. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
^"De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios". remilitari.com.
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Global Information
Paraguay
Federal Party
