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Pana massacre
Date
April 10, 1899
Location
Pana, Illinois, United States
Also known as
Pana riot
Participants
White union miners and black miners (strikebreakers) from Alabama
Outcome
Black miners were driven out of Pana
Deaths
7 (two whites, one miner killed by white policeman; and five black miners); six black miners wounded
The Pana riot, or Pana massacre, was a coal mining labor conflict and also a racial conflict that occurred on April 10, 1899, in Pana, Illinois, and resulted in the deaths of seven people. It was one of many similar labor conflicts in the coal mining regions of Illinois that occurred in 1898 and 1899.
The United Mine Workers of America had called a strike that affected numerous mines; mine owners retaliated by hiring guards and some 300 African-American miners from Alabama to serve as strikebreakers. After a confrontation in which a white union miner was killed, the miners turned on black strikebreakers, believing them responsible. Two whites were killed in the violence and five blacks, with another six African Americans wounded.
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