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In phonetics and phonology, a palatal stop is a type of consonantal sound, made with the body of the tongue in contact with the hard palate (hence palatal), held tightly enough to block the passage of air (hence a stop consonant). A stop consonant made with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate is called a retroflex stop.
Palatal stops are less common than velar stops or alveolar stops and do not occur in English. However, they are somewhat similar to the English postalveolar affricates [tʃ] and [dʒ], as in chat and jet, and occur in various European languages, such as Hungarian, Icelandic, and Irish.
The term "palatal stop" is sometimes used imprecisely to refer to postalveolar affricates, which themselves come in numerous varieties, or to other acoustically similar sounds, such as palatalized velar stops.
The most common sound is the voiced nasal [ ɲ]. More generally, several kinds are distinguished:
[c], voiceless palatal plosive
[ ɟ], voiced palatal plosive
[ ɲ], voiced palatal nasal
[ ɲ̥], voiceless palatal nasal
[cʼ], palatal ejective (fairly rare)
[ ʄ ], voiced palatal implosive (fairly rare)
[ ʄ̥ ] or [cʼ↓] voiceless palatal implosive (very rare)
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Pulmonic consonants
Place →
Labial
Coronal
Dorsal
Laryngeal
Manner ↓
Bilabial
Labiodental
Linguolabial
Dental
Alveolar
Postalveolar
Retroflex
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Pharyngeal/epiglottal
Glottal
Nasal
m̥
m
ɱ̊
ɱ
n̼
n̥
n
ɳ̊
ɳ
ɲ̊
ɲ
ŋ̊
ŋ
ɴ̥
ɴ
Plosive
p
b
p̪
b̪
t̼
d̼
t
d
ʈ
ɖ
c
ɟ
k
ɡ
q
ɢ
ʡ
ʔ
Sibilant affricate
ts
dz
t̠ʃ
d̠ʒ
tʂ
dʐ
tɕ
dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate
pɸ
bβ
p̪f
b̪v
t̪θ
d̪ð
tɹ̝̊
dɹ̝
t̠ɹ̠̊˔
d̠ɹ̠˔
cç
ɟʝ
kx
ɡɣ
qχ
ɢʁ
ʡʜ
ʡʢ
ʔh
Sibilant fricative
s
z
ʃ
ʒ
ʂ
ʐ
ɕ
ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative
ɸ
β
f
v
θ̼
ð̼
θ
ð
θ̠
ð̠
ɹ̠̊˔
ɹ̠˔
ɻ̊˔
ɻ˔
ç
ʝ
x
ɣ
χ
ʁ
ħ
ʕ
h
ɦ
Approximant
ʋ
ɹ
ɻ
j
ɰ
ʔ̞
Tap/flap
ⱱ̟
ⱱ
ɾ̼
ɾ̥
ɾ
ɽ̊
ɽ
ɢ̆
ʡ̆
Trill
ʙ̥
ʙ
r̥
r
ɽ̊r̥
ɽr
ʀ̥
ʀ
ʜ
ʢ
Lateral affricate
tɬ
dɮ
tꞎ
d𝼅
c𝼆
ɟʎ̝
k𝼄
ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative
ɬ
ɮ
ꞎ
𝼅
𝼆
ʎ̝
𝼄
ʟ̝
Lateral approximant
l
ɭ
ʎ
ʟ
ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap
ɺ̥
ɺ
𝼈̥
𝼈
ʎ̆
ʟ̆
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Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
phonology, a palatalstop is a type of consonantal sound, made with the body of the tongue in contact with the hard palate (hence palatal), held tightly...
The voiceless palatal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in some vocal languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that...
The voiced palatal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents...
not the stop [c], but the affricate [t͡ʃ]. Only a few languages in northern Eurasia, the Americas and central Africa contrast palatalstops with postalveolar...
that represents this sound is ⟨cʼ⟩. Some of the features of the palatal ejective stop are: Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is...
The voiced palatal nasal is a type of consonant used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this...
turning the type for a lowercase letter f (the symbol for the voiced palatalstop) and a rightward hook (the diacritic for implosives). A very similar-looking...
A palatal obturator is a prosthesis that totally occludes an opening such as an oronasal fistula (in the roof of the mouth). They are similar to dental...
if there are more than one (CVCCV), counting geminates and pre-aspirated stops as CC, the vowel is short. There are, however, some exceptions to this rule:...
Likewise, in Goizueta Basque, tt is a voiceless palatalstop [c] and the corresponding voiced palatalstop, [ɟ], is absent except as an allophone of /j/...
mutate into a velar stop or affricate, such as [k], [ɡ], [ŋ], [k͡x]; palatal clicks ([ǂ] etc.) tend to mutate into a palatalstop such as [c], [ ɟ], [ ɲ]...
The voiced palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet...
It is debated whether the palatal consonant pair consists of stops or affricates. They are considered affricates or stops, depending on register, by...
I J ɟ (dotless j with stroke, an IPA letter representing the voiced palatalstop) Dotted J https://web.archive.org/web/20160308192739/http://www.reocities...
The velars and alternating palatals are distributed as follows: Initially or at beginning of syllable: Only the four stops [kʰ k cʰ c] can appear. After...
and should not be confused with the IPA symbol ɟ representing a voiced palatalstop. The letters are encoded as follows: Chinese characters of Empress Wu...
The voiced palatal approximant, or yod, is a type of consonant used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents...
The voiceless palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents...
The palatalstop is written j. Other palatals are written with digraphs formed by suffixing y to the usual alveolar symbol: ny, ly. The palatal approximant...
unpluralized [ˈtronʲc]). Diphthongization compensates for the loss of the palatalstop (part of Catalan's segment loss compensation). There are other cases...
/d͡z/. Dje (Ђ ђ) is replaced by Gje (Ѓ ѓ), which represents /ɟ/ (voiced palatalstop). In some dialects, it represents /d͡ʑ/ instead, like Dje. It is written...
contact with the hard palate is called a palatalstop. Retroflex stops are less common than velar stops or alveolar stops and do not occur in English. They sound...
the prototypical velar plosive, though not as front as the prototypical palatal plosive. Conversely, some languages have the voiceless post-velar plosive...
glottal stop sound [ʔ] can also occur, but only between vowels. Palatalized-velar stop consonants /kʲ kʰʲ kʲʼ ɡʲ/ may often be heard as palatalstop consonants...