Figure of a foreigner, found in Sarnath. This is a probable member of the West Asian Pahlava or Saka elite in the Gangetic plains during the Mauryan period.[a]
The Pahlavas are a people mentioned in ancient Indian texts. According to Patrick Carnegy,[3] a Raj-era ethnographer, the 4th-century BCE Vartika of Katyayana mentions the Sakah-Parthavah, demonstrating an awareness of these Saka-Parthians, probably by way of commerce.[4] Knowledge of the Pahlavas is distilled from the literary references in texts like the Manu Smriti, various Puranas, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and the Bṛhat Saṃhitā.
Eastern border of the Achaemenid Empire and the kingdoms and cities of ancient India (circa 500 BCE), around the time of the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley. [5][6][7][8]Pahlava Kingdom alongside other locations of kingdoms and republics mentioned in the Indian epics or Bharata Khanda.
^Gupta 1980, p. 318.
^Gupta 1980, p. 122.
^
Carnegy, Patrick (1868). Notes on the races tribes and castes inhabiting the province of Avadh [Oudh]. Lucknow: Government of Oudh. p. 4. Native ethnologists... say that of the six remaining original races of which they take cognizance[...] that the Pahluv are probably those people who spoke Pahluvi or Pehlvi, a language of Persia...[failed verification]
Notes on the Races, Tribes and Castes Inhabiting the Province of Avadh [Oudh]. Lucknow: Oudh Government Press. 1868. p. 4.
See:
Singh, M. R. (1972). Geographical data in the early Purāṇas: A critical study. Calcutta: Punthi Pustak. LCCN 72903450. OCLC 736935. A revision of the author's thesis, University of Rajasthan, 1967.
"Introduction". The Laws of Manu, with extracts from seven commentaries. Sacred Books of the East. Vol. XXV. Translated by Bühler, Georg (1886 ed.). p. cxv.
Rapson, Coins of Ancient India, p. 37, n. 2.
^V. S. Agarwala (1954). India as Known to Panini. p.444
^Sen 1999, pp. 116–117.
^Philip's Atlas of World History (1999)
^O'Brien, Patrick Karl (2002). Atlas of World History. Oxford University Press. p. 43. ISBN 9780195219210.
^Barraclough, Geoffrey (1989). The Times Atlas of World History. Times Books. p. 79. ISBN 9780723009061.
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Puranas mention the Pahlavas with the tribes of Uttarapatha or north-west. The 6th-century CE text Markandeya Purana lists the Pahlavas, Kambojas, Daradas...
by hundreds, and all the chiefs of the sea-coast, and the kings of the Pahlavas and the Daradas and the various tribes of the Kiratas and Yavanas and Sakras...
Kambojas, Sakas and Pahlavas. There are important references to the warring Mleccha hordes of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, the Pahlavas and others in the...
Yavanas, Kiratas, Gandharas, Shabras, Barbaras, Shakas, Tusharas, Kanakas, Pahlavas, Sindhus, Madrakas, Ramathas, and the Kambojas and states them to be living...
to both as Pahlava or Pallava. The Bhishama Parava of the Mahabharata does not distinguish between the Pahlavas and Pallavas. The Pahlavas are said to...
archeologists were of the view that the Pallav resembles very closely with Pahlavas, and it gave rise to an alternative view that the name itself is of Persian...
Mahabharata associates the Tusharas with the Yavanas, Kiratas, Chinas, Kambojas, Pahlavas, Kankas, Sabaras, Barbaras, Ramathas etc., and brands them all as barbaric...
(12,64) Kiratas were mentioned along with Pulindas and Chinas, Hunas, Pahlavas, Sakas, Yavanas, Savaras, Paundras, Kanchis, Dravidas, Sinhalas and Keralas...
skill famously employed by Parthian horsemen Pahlavas, the Parthians in ancient Indian literature Pahlava Kingdom, their kingdom as known to the Indians...
polluting. The Mleccha people were Śākas, Huns, Chinese, Greeks, Kambojas, Pahlavas, Bahlikas and Rishikas. The Barbaras, Kiratas, Paradas, Saka-Greeks, Indo-Greeks...
Asia in this context stands for Iran and Afghanistan, where the Sakas and Pahlavas had their base-camps for eastward movement. The prelude to future inroads...
the Kiratas as a Mleccha tribe along with Pulindas and Chinas, Hunas, Pahlavas, Sakas, Yavanas, Savaras, Paundras, Kanchis, Dravidas, Sinhalas and Keralas...
the Central Asian horse nomads, notably the Sakas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Pahlavas and Paradas. Numerous Puranic texts refer to a conflict in ancient India...
by hundreds, and all the chiefs of the seacoast, and the kings of the Pahlavas and the Daradas and the various tribes of the Kiratas and Yavanas and Sakras...
large part of India against foreign invaders like the Sakas, Yavanas and Pahlavas. In particular, their struggles with the Western Kshatrapas went on for...
These are: Pundrakas, Codas, Dravidas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Sakas, Paradas, Pahlavas, Chinas, Kiratas, Daradas and Khasas. According to Laurie Patton, a professor...
of India by the joint cavalry forces of the Sakas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Pahlavas, and Paradas, called the "five hordes" (pañca.ganah) or "Kśatriya" hordes...
Buddhism, which opened its way to men of all races, Greek, Persian, Saka, Pahlava, Kushan and Huna". Depictions of foreigners abound: according to Spink...
period, and with foreign people (Yavanas, or Greeks; Sakas, or Scythians; Pahlavas, or Parthians; and Kusanas, or Kushans) from the third phase on [between...
period, and with foreign people (Yavanas, or Greeks; Sakas, or Scythians; Pahlavas, or Parthians; and Kusanas, or Kushans) from the third phase on [between...
Kshatriyas; who destroyed the Sakas (Western Satraps), Yavanas (Indo-Greeks) and Pahlavas (Indo-Parthians),... who rooted out the Khakharata family (the Kshaharata...
inscription states that he defeated the Shakas (Western Kshatrapas), the Pahlavas (Indo-Parthians), and the Yavanas (Indo-Greeks). It also states that he...
In classical Indian tradition clans of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Pahlavas, Paradas and others are also attested to have been coming as invaders and...
Asia in this context stands for Iran and Afghanistan, where the Sakas and Pahlavas had their base-camps for eastward movement. The prelude to future inroads...
and Azerbaijan, it is, along with dolma, lavash, harissa, kebabs, and pahlava, a dish of "clearly symbolic ethnic significance" often argued over by...
numerous other tribes from northwest had including the Bahlikas, Kiratas, Pahlavas, Paradas, Kambojas, Shakas, Yavanas, Trigartas, Kshudrakas, Malavas, Angas...
on July 21, 2011. "Encyclopædia Britannica: "Middle Persian [Sassanian Pahlava] and Parthian were doubtlessly similar enough to be mutually intelligible"...
work) was carried out by the minister Suvishakha, the son of Kulaipa, a Pahlava, who for the benefit of the inhabitants of the towns and country bad been...
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