3D reconstruction of the human PRC2-AEBP2 complex.
PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2) is one of the two classes of polycomb-group proteins or (PcG). The other component of this group of proteins is PRC1 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1).
This complex has histone methyltransferase activity and primarily methylates histone H3 on lysine 27 (i.e. H3K27me3),[1][2] a mark of transcriptionally silent chromatin. PRC2 is required for initial targeting of genomic region (PRC Response Elements or PRE) to be silenced, while PRC1 is required for stabilizing this silencing and underlies cellular memory of silenced region after cellular differentiation. PRC1 also mono-ubiquitinates histone H2A on lysine 119 (H2AK119Ub1). These proteins are required for long term epigenetic silencing of chromatin and have an important role in stem cell differentiation and early embryonic development. PRC2 are present in most multicellular organisms.
The mouse PRC2 has four subunits: Suz12 (zinc finger), Eed, Ezh1 or Ezh2 (SET domain with histone methyltransferase activity[1][2]) and Rbbp4 (histone binding domain). PRC2 can bind to H3K27me3 and repress neighboring nucleosomes, thus spreading the repression.[3]
PRC2 has a role in X chromosome inactivation, in maintenance of stem cell fate,[4] and in imprinting. Aberrant expression of PRC2 has been observed in cancer.[1][2] Both loss and gain-of-function mutations in PRC2 components have been identified in various human cancers, suggesting complex roles of these components in malignancy.[5]
Polycomb group genes directly and indirectly regulate the DNA damage response which acts as an anti-cancer barrier.[5] The PRC2 complex appears to be present at sites of DNA double-strand breaks where it promotes repair of such breaks by non-homologous end joining.[5]
The PRC2 is evolutionarily conserved, and has been found in mammals, insects, fungi, and plants.
^ abcYoo KH, Hennighausen L (November 2012). "EZH2 methyltransferase and H3K27 methylation in breast cancer". International Journal of Biological Sciences. 8 (1): 59–65. doi:10.7150/ijbs.8.59. PMC 3226033. PMID 22211105.
^ abcChase A, Cross NC (May 2011). "Aberrations of EZH2 in cancer". Clinical Cancer Research. 17 (9): 2613–2618. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2156. PMID 21367748.
^Geisler, Sarah J.; Paro, Renato (2015-09-01). "Trithorax and Polycomb group-dependent regulation: a tale of opposing activities". Development. 142 (17): 2876–2887. doi:10.1242/dev.120030. hdl:20.500.11850/104579. ISSN 0950-1991. PMID 26329598.
^Heurtier, V., Owens, N., Gonzalez, I. et al. The molecular logic of Nanog-induced self-renewal in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 10, 1109 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09041-z
^ abcVeneti Z, Gkouskou KK, Eliopoulos AG (July 2017). "Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 in Genomic Instability and Cancer". Int J Mol Sci. 18 (8): 1657. doi:10.3390/ijms18081657. PMC 5578047. PMID 28758948.
PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2) is one of the two classes of polycomb-group proteins or (PcG). The other component of this group of proteins is PRC1...
the functional enzymatic component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which is responsible for healthy embryonic development through the epigenetic...
of PRC2 may interact with Xist, although these proteins are also found in other complexes and are not unique components of the PRC2 complex. PRC2 binds...
differentiate efficiently into the three germ layers, and deletion of the PRC1 and PRC2 genes leads to increased expression of lineage-affiliated genes and unscheduled...
Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and as a result regulates chromatin state. It is required for gene-silencing of the HOXD locus by PRC2. PRC2 is dispensable for...
being PRC2. Polycomb-group proteins play a major role in transcriptional regulation during development. Polycomb Repressive Complexes PRC1 and PRC2 function...
as PRC1 and PRC2. PRC2 complexes repress by trimethylating histone 3 at lysine 27 through histone methyltransferases Ezh2 and Ezh1. PRC2 is recruited...
inactivation. Xist, an asRNA, can recruit polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) which results in heterochromatinization of the X chromosome. Antisense RNAs...
methylation and chromodomain interactions. A polycomb repressive complex (PRC); PRC2, mediates the tri-methylation of histone 3 on lysine 27 through histone methyl...
recruited through the action of PRC2, however, recent studies show that PRC1 is recruited to the same sites in the absence of PRC2. Di and tri-methylation of...
histone modifications, such as histone H3 methylation (i.e. H3K27me3 by PRC2 which is recruited by Xist) and histone H2A ubiquitination, as well as direct...
a component of the PRC2 and contains a zinc finger domain. The zinc finger domain is believed to bind to the RNA molecule. The PRC2 has been observed to...
Repression Complex 2 (PRC2). AEBP2 is a DNA-binding transcriptional repressor. It may interact with and stimulate the activity of the PRC2 complex. AEBP2 may...
pattern associated with the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Increased expression of the PRC2 subunit, EZH2 have been described to be a common feature...
still a matter of controversy. The polycomb repressive complexes PRC1 and PRC2 regulate chromatin compaction and gene expression and have a fundamental...
accurate re-establishment of chromatin domains. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and several other histone-modifying complexes can "copy" modifications present...
Heterochromatin compaction is regulated by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). The following are some of the gene count estimates of human X chromosome...
S. cerevisiae gene RIX1. The rixosome is associated with human PRC1 and PRC2 complexes. The interaction with PRC1 appears to be through the RING1B domain...
modifications (H3K27me3, H3K4me2, H3K9me3, etc.), Polycomb-group protein (PRC2:Suz12, PRC1:YY1) and trithorax-group protein (Ash1) to study the epigenetic...
modification through methylation and repression of the promoter region. PRC1 and PRC2 are two protein complexes that modify the expression of p16 through the interaction...
cluster and inhibits late HOXD genes) by binding to Polycomb-group proteins (PRC2). The chromatin structure is essential for transcription but it also requires...
transcript is thought to act by binding to polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and/or TrxG/MLL complexes to promote the methylation of the promoters of...
ubiquitination of Lys119 on histone H2A, which then leads to recruitment of PRC2 and H3K27me3 to effectively initiate a polycomb domain and mediate gene repression...
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