An overshooting top protruding above the anvil at the top of a thunderstorm
An overshooting top (or penetrating top) is a dome-like protrusion shooting out of the top of the anvil of a thunderstorm and into the lower stratosphere.[1][2] When an overshooting top is present for 10 minutes or longer, it is a strong indication that the storm is severe.[3]
^Shenk, W. E. (1974). "Cloud top height variability of strong convective cells". Journal of Applied Meteorology. 13 (8): 918–922. Bibcode:1974JApMe..13..917S. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1974)013<0917:cthvos>2.0.co;2.
^"Overshooting Tops – Satellite-Based Detection Methods". EUMETSAT. 9 June 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
^Chance Hayes, National Weather Service Wichita, Kansas. "Storm Fury on the Plains." Storm Spotter Training. 4H Building, Salina, Kansas. 22 Feb. 2010. Lecture.
the equilibrium level, overshooting tops continue to the maximum parcel level (MPL). The strong updrafts delineated by overshooting tops can act as a barrier...
time, until a relative weakness allows a breakthrough of the cap (an overshootingtop); cooler air to the right in the image may or may not form a shelf...
parcels surpass the equilibrium level (due to momentum) and form an overshootingtop culminating at the maximum parcel level. When vertically developed...
water and building a dark, ominous cloud to one with a noticeable overshootingtop and anvil (thanks to synoptic scale winds). Because of the chaotic...
Everest, whose summit is 8,848 m (29,029 ft). Le Grand Saut Lockheed U-2 Overshootingtop Ozone depletion Paris Gun (projectile was the first artificial object...
water and building a dark, ominous cloud to one with a noticeable overshootingtop and anvil (thanks to synoptic scale winds). Because of the chaotic...
The overshooting model, or the exchange rate overshoot hypothesis, first developed by economist Rudi Dornbusch, is a theoretical explanation for high levels...
such as a hard and vigorous updraft tower, a persistent and/or large overshootingtop, a hard anvil (especially when backsheared against strong upper level...
features such as a hard and vigorous updraft tower, a persistent, large overshootingtop, a hard anvil (especially when backsheared against strong upper level...
feature incus) – the anvil top of a cumulonimbus cloud. Anvil dome (WMO supplementary feature incus) – the overshootingtop on a Cb that is often present...
examples of low level or vertical accessory clouds whilst the anvil, and overshootingtop, are examples of high level accessory clouds. The condensation funnel...
interface between the stratosphere and troposphere downwind of the overshootingtop of very strong supercell thunderstorms. A related situation is the...
Dan Sowa from Northwest Orient Airlines as follows: the cumulonimbus overshootingtop must enter into the stratosphere by at least 10000 feet. This criterion...
used, but also to avoid overshooting, which consists either of flying out in front of the opponent, called a "wingline overshoot", or crossing the enemy's...
occurs in a warm front. overshootingtop A distinct, bulging protuberance produced by a vigorous updraft that rises above the top of the anvil of a cumulonimbus...
rising past the EL, ceasing at the MPL (visually represented by the overshootingtop, above the anvil). Dynamic processes within and between convective...
maximum parcel level (MPL) --which may visually manifest itself as an overshootingtop. Ignoring other influences, higher amount of total CAPE in the FCL...
North Carolina. Tropical cyclones portal List of cloud types Pileus Overshootingtop Rapid intensification Voiland, Adam (12 September 2012). "Discovering...
proportion of infected individuals over the theoretical HIT is known as the overshoot. The primary way to boost levels of immunity in a population is through...
term accumulates a significant error during the rise (windup), thus overshooting and continuing to increase as this accumulated error is unwound (offset...
AACP may refer to: Above-Anvil Cirrus Plume, or overshootingtop Advanced Airborne Command Post American Academy of Cardiovascular Perfusion American Academy...
and let α be set by the amount of overshoot that is acceptable. Figure 4 illustrates the procedure. Comparing the top panel (α = 4) with the lower panel...
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