Osmium (from Ancient Greek ὀσμή (osmḗ) 'smell') is a chemical element; it has symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element. When experimentally measured using X-ray crystallography, it has a density of 22.59 g/cm3.[10] Manufacturers use its alloys with platinum, iridium, and other platinum-group metals to make fountain pen nib tipping, electrical contacts, and in other applications that require extreme durability and hardness.[11]
Osmium is among the rarest elements in the Earth's crust, making up only 50 parts per trillion (ppt).[12][13]
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Osmium". CIAAW. 1991.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (May 4, 2022). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^Rumble, John R.; Bruno, Thomas J.; Doa, Maria J. (2022). "Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (103rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-032-12171-0.
^Rumble, John R.; Bruno, Thomas J.; Doa, Maria J. (2022). "Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (103rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-032-12171-0.
^Rumble, John R.; Bruno, Thomas J.; Doa, Maria J. (2022). "Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (103rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-032-12171-0.
^Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
^ abHaynes 2011, p. 4.134.
^Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^Peters, Stefan T.M.; Münker, Carsten; Becker, Harry; Schulz, Toni (April 2014). "Alpha-decay of 184Os revealed by radiogenic 180W in meteorites: Half life determination and viability as geochronometer". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 391: 69–76. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.030.
^Cite error: The named reference Arblaster1995 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Haynes 2011, p. 4.25.
^Fleischer, Michael (1953). "Recent estimates of the abundances of the elements in the Earth's crust" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 23, 2022. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
^"Reading: Abundance of Elements in Earth's Crust | Geology". courses.lumenlearning.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
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Osmium (from Ancient Greek ὀσμή (osmḗ) 'smell') is a chemical element; it has symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition...
Osmium tetroxide (also osmium(VIII) oxide) is the chemical compound with the formula OsO4. The compound is noteworthy for its many uses, despite its toxicity...
Osmium (76Os) has seven naturally occurring isotopes, five of which are stable: 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, and (most abundant) 192Os. The other natural...
Osmium diphosphide is a binary inorganic compound of osmium metal and phosphorus with the chemical formula OsP2. Osmium diphosphide can be obtained by...
Osmium hexafluoride, also osmium(VI) fluoride, (OsF6) is a compound of osmium and fluorine, and one of the seventeen known binary hexafluorides. Osmium...
Osmium bromide may refer to: Osmium(IV) bromide (osmium tetrabromide), OsBr4 Osmium(III) bromide (osmium tribromide), OsBr3 This set index article lists...
experiments have confirmed that hassium behaves as the heavier homologue to osmium, reacting readily with oxygen to form a volatile tetroxide. The chemical...
Osmium tetrasulfide is an inorganic compound, a salt of osmium metal and hydrogen sulfide acid with the chemical formula OsS4. Osmium tetrasulfide can...
Osmium pentacarbonyl is the organoosmium compound with the formula Os(CO)5. It is the simplest isolatable carbonyl complex of osmium. Osmium pentacarbonyl...
Osmium oxide may refer to: Osmium dioxide, OsO2 Osmium tetroxide, OsO4 This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same...
group, it is considered the second-densest naturally occurring metal (after osmium) with a density of 22.56 g/cm3 (0.815 lb/cu in) as defined by experimental...
Osmium heptafluoride is an inorganic chemical compound of osmium metal and fluorine with the chemical formula OsF 7. It was first reported in 1966 by the...
Osmium pentafluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula OsF5. It is a blue-green solid. Like the pentafluorides of Ru, Rh, and Ir, OsF5 exists as...
Osmium octafluoride is an inorganic chemical compound of osmium metal and fluorine with the chemical formula OsF8. Some sources consider it to be a still...
Osmium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula OsO2. It exists as brown to black crystalline powder, but single crystals are golden and exhibit...
elements in the periodic table. It consists of iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os) and hassium (Hs). "Group 8" is the modern standard designation for...
Osmium iodide refers to compounds of osmium with the formula OsIn. Several have been mentioned in the literature, but only the triiodide has been verified...
solution. Osmium tetraoxide is used in optical microscopy to stain lipids. It dissolves in fats, and is reduced by organic materials to elemental osmium, an...
and 6). The six platinum-group metals are ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. They have similar physical and chemical properties...
high toxicity of OsO4 and the presence of monooxo(tetraaryl)osmium(vi) and bisoxo(diaryl)osmium(vi) side products add extra complications to the purification...
Osmium compounds are compounds containing the element osmium (Os). Osmium forms compounds with oxidation states ranging from −2 to +8. The most common...