"Osman Gazi" redirects here. For other uses, see Osman Gazi (disambiguation).
Osman I
Ghazi
Bey
An Ottoman miniature depicting Osman I, c. 1580
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Reign
c. 1299 – 1323/4
Predecessor
Title established
Successor
Orhan
Uch Bey of the Sultanate of Rum
Reign
c. 1280 – c. 1299
Predecessor
Ertuğrul
Successor
Title abolished
Born
Unknown,[1] possibly c. 1254/5[2]
Died
1323/4[3] (age 68–70) Bursa, Ottoman Beylik
Burial
Tomb of Osman Gazi, Osmangazi, Bursa Province, Turkey
Spouse
Malhun Hatun Rabia Bala Hatun
Issue Among others
Orhan Ghazi Alaeddin Ali Pasha
Names
Osman bin Ertuğrul bin Gündüz Alp[4] عثمان بن ارطغرل بن گندز الپ OR Osman bin Ertuğrul bin Suleyman Shah عثمان بن ارطغرل بن سلیمان شاہ
Dynasty
Ottoman dynasty
Father
Ertuğrul
Mother
Unknown[5]
Religion
Sunni Islam
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Osman I or Osman Ghazi (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان غازى, romanized: ʿOsmān Ġāzī; Turkish: I. Osman or Osman Gazi; died 1323/4)[1][3][a] was the founder of the Ottoman Empire (first known as the Ottoman Beylik or Emirate). While initially a small Turkoman[6] principality during Osman's lifetime, his beylik transformed into a world empire in the centuries after his death.[7] It existed until shortly after the end of World War I.
Owing to the scarcity of historical sources dating from his lifetime, very little factual information about Osman has survived. Not a single written source survives from Osman's reign,[8] and the Ottomans did not record the history of Osman's life until the fifteenth century, more than a hundred years after his death.[9] Because of this, historians find it very challenging to differentiate between fact and myth in the many stories told about him.[10] One historian has even gone so far as to declare it impossible, describing the period of Osman's life as a "black hole".[11]
According to later Ottoman tradition, Osman's ancestors were descendants of the Kayı tribe of Oghuz Turks.[12] However, many scholars of the early Ottomans regard it as a later fabrication meant to reinforce dynastic legitimacy.[12]
The Ottoman principality was one of many Anatolian beyliks that emerged in the second half of the thirteenth century. Situated in the region of Bithynia in the north of Asia Minor, Osman's principality found itself particularly well placed to launch attacks on the vulnerable Byzantine Empire, which his descendants would eventually go on to conquer.
^ abKermeli, Eugenia (2009). "Osman I". In Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce (eds.). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. p. 444. Reliable information regarding Osman is scarce. His birth date is unknown and his symbolic significance as the father of the dynasty has encouraged the development of mythic tales regarding the ruler's life and origins; however, historians agree that before 1300, Osman was simply one among a number of Turkoman tribal leaders operating in the Sakarya region.
^Cite error: The named reference kemalpasazade was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abKafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. p. 16. By the time of Osman's death (1323 or 1324)...
^Akgündüz, Ahmed; Öztürk, Said (2011). Ottoman History – Misperceptions and Truths. IUR Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-90-90-26108-9. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
^Lowry, Heath W. (2003). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. Albany: SUNY Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-7914-8726-6.
^"Osman I". Encyclopedia Britannica. 18 May 2023. Osman I, also called Osman Gazi, (born c. 1258—died 1324 or 1326), ruler of a Turkmen principality in northwestern Anatolia who is regarded as the founder of the Ottoman Turkish state.
^The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1999, Donald Quataert, page 4, 2005
^Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. p. xii. There is still not one authentic written document known from the time of ʿOsmān, and there are not many from the fourteenth century altogether.
^Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. p. 93.
^Finkel, Caroline (2005). Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1923. Basic Books. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-465-02396-7. Modern historians attempt to sift historical fact from the myths contained in the later stories in which the Ottoman chroniclers accounted for the origins of the dynasty[.]
^Imber, Colin (1991). Zachariadou, Elizabeth (ed.). The Ottoman Emirate (1300–1389). Rethymnon: Crete University Press. p. 75. Almost all the traditional tales about Osman Gazi are fictitious. The best thing a modern historian can do is to admit frankly that the earliest history of the Ottomans is a black hole. Any attempt to fill this hole will result simply in more fables.
^ abCite error: The named reference kayi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
letters or other symbols. OsmanI or Osman Ghazi (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان غازى, romanized: ʿOsmān Ġāzī; Turkish: I. Osman or Osman Gazi; died 1323/4) was...
has made appearances on British panel shows including Would I Lie To You? and QI. Osman worked at Hat Trick Productions before becoming creative director...
founded in northwestern Anatolia in 1299 by the Turkoman tribal leader OsmanI. His successors conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans...
Osman II (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان ثانى ‘Osmān-i sānī; Turkish: II. Osman; 3 November 1604 – 20 May 1622), also known as Osman the Young (Turkish: Genç Osman)...
Osman III (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان ثالث Osmān-i sālis; 2 January 1699 – 30 October 1757) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1754 to 1757. He was...
the members of the imperial House of Osman (Ottoman Turkish: خاندان آل عثمان, romanized: Ḫānedān-ı Āl-iʿOsmān), also known as the Ottomans (Turkish:...
the Bay'ah. The sword was named after OsmanI, founder of the Ottoman dynasty. The girding of the Sword of Osman was a vital ceremony and took place within...
Ottoman Empire from 1323/4 to 1362. He was born in Söğüt, as the son of OsmanI. In the early stages of his reign, Orhan focused his energies on conquering...
بالا خاتون, "spring" and "young one"; died January 1324) was the wife of OsmanI, the founder of the Ottoman Dynasty. She was the daughter of Sheikh Edebali...
Sultan OsmanI may refer to: Sultan OsmanI (1258–1326), founder and namesake of the Ottoman Empire The battleship Sultan OsmanI ordered by the Ottoman...
the wife of Osman Gazi, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Edebali often conversed with his close friend Ertuğrul Gazi, the father of OsmanI about Islam...
warriors of OsmanI and Orhan. Konur Alp was among the early commanders who served in the establishment of the Ottoman State. Since 1300, when OsmanI started...
son OsmanI, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. After the establishment of the Empire, he became one of its military commanders, serving OsmanI, as well...
ruler (and the namesake of the Empire) was OsmanI. According to later, often unreliable Ottoman tradition, Osman was a descendant of the Kayı tribe of the...
scarcity of sources. Not a single written document survives from the reign of OsmanI, and very little survives from the rest of the century. The Ottomans, furthermore...
the Ottoman Navy Foundation purchased larger battleships such as Sultân Osmân-ı Evvel, and ordered three planned Reşadiye-class battleships, including...
to: Osman (name), people with the name and surname OsmanI (1258–1326), founder of the Ottoman Empire Osman II (1604–1622), Ottoman sultan Osman III (1699–1757)...
(Söğüt, c. 1281 – Bursa, 1331), was the son of OsmanI, first Ottoman ruler, and the half-brother of Orhan I, who succeeded their father in the leadership...
is celebrated in Ottoman propaganda to have been conquered in 1288 by OsmanI (see more below), it is more likely that it was taken in the first years...