List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire information
For ships of the line of the Ottoman Navy, see List of sailing ships of the Ottoman Empire.
In the aftermath of the Young Turk Revolution in 1908, the Committee of Union and Progress that had taken control of the Ottoman Empire began to draw up plans to strengthen the Ottoman Navy.[1] The poor condition of the fleet was clearly visible in the Ottoman Naval Parade of 1910. Attempts to construct Ottoman-made battleships such as Abdül Kadir had ended in failure,[2] so the Ottoman Navy Foundation was established with the aim of purchasing new ships through public donations rather than having them built locally. Despite these efforts, the fleet remained in a poor state. Its inability to respond to naval threats was evident in the First Balkan War (1913), when the Ottoman Navy was defeated in two separate engagements by the Greek Navy, during the battles of Elli and Lemnos.[3]
Following the conclusion of the Balkan Wars, a naval race began in the Balkans between Greece and the Ottoman Empire. In order to update the fleet, the Ottoman Navy Foundation purchased larger battleships such as Sultân Osmân-ı Evvel, and ordered three planned Reşadiye-class battleships, including the purchase of one that had already been built, the Reşadiye. The United Kingdom confiscated the ships at the outbreak of World War I though only two were nearing completion, Sultân Osmân-ı Evvel and Reşadiye. Upon confiscation, Sultân Osmân-ı Evvel was renamed HMS Agincourt while Reşadiye was renamed HMS Erin.[4] The seizure of these battleships by the Royal Navy outraged the Ottoman people, since public donations had been the source of most of the funds for the ships. The German Empire took advantage of the situation by sending the battlecruiser SMS Goeben and the light cruiser SMS Breslau to the Ottoman capital of Constantinople in 1914, and handing them over to the Ottoman Navy. These two ships entered service as Yavûz Sultân Selîm and Midilli respectively. The British seizure of these ships as well as the transfer of German ships to the Ottoman Navy significantly contributed to the Ottoman Empire's decision to enter World War I on the side of Germany and the Central Powers a few months later.[5][6]
During World War I, many of the Ottoman battleships saw little or no action.[Note 1] Since many were in a poor condition, they simply remained at their moorings for most of the war. Out of all the battleships legally owned by the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the war, half were either scrapped or were seized by the British in the early days of the conflict. Abdül Kadir was scrapped in 1914,[2] while Barbaros Hayreddin was sunk in 1915.[7]Turgut Reis survived the conflict and was scrapped in the 1950s.[7] Of the three planned Reşadiye-class ships, only one, Reşadiye, was ever built, with the rest being cancelled just before the war. Reşadiye was one of the ships seized by the British in August 1914.[4]Sultân Osmân-ı Evvel, which had been bought from Brazil in 1913, was also seized by Britain in August 1914.[6][8] The last battleship in the Ottoman Navy, Yavûz Sultân Selîm, survived the war and was scrapped in 1973.[9][10]
^Langensiepen, Güleryüz, and Cooper, p. 14
^ abCite error: The named reference G309 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Hall was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference John was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Hore145 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference H143 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Conways390 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference H121 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference S20 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference G55 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=Note}} template (see the help page).
and 27 Related for: List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire information
Balkans between Greece and theOttomanEmpire. In order to update the fleet, theOttoman Navy Foundation purchased larger battleships such as Sultân Osmân-ı...
List of sailing ships oftheOttomanEmpireListofbattleshipsoftheOttomanEmpire Peru: Listof Peruvian Navy ships Portugal: Listof ships ofthe Portuguese...
and four fast battleships. Another seven—five dreadnoughts and two fast battleships—were cancelled in various stages of construction (one of which was converted...
This is a listofbattleshipsof Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Dvenadsat Apostolov was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Black Sea Fleet...
scrapped in 1904 and Orion was broken up in 1913. Listof ironclads ListofbattleshipsoftheOttomanEmpire Gardiner, pp. 388–389. Sondhaus, p. 90. Langensiepen...
The German navies—specifically the Kaiserliche Marine and Kriegsmarine of Imperial and Nazi Germany, respectively—built a series ofbattleships between...
SMS Weissenburg was one ofthe first ocean-going battleshipsofthe Imperial German Navy. She was the third pre-dreadnought ofthe Brandenburg class, which...
Abdulaziz (Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز, romanized: ʿAbdü'l-ʿAzîz; Turkish: Abdülaziz; 8 February 1830 – 4 June 1876) was the sultan oftheOttomanEmpire from...
Sunken battleships are the wrecks of large capital ships built from the 1880s to the mid-20th century that were either destroyed in battle, mined, deliberately...
This is a listofOttomanEmpire and allied sail and steam frigates ofthe period 1650-1867: The guns listed are sometimes approximate as it's difficult...
war, particularly from the Battle of Tsushima. Design work continued during this period, but designs for dreadnought battleships evolved constantly as...
tasks. Thebattleships were ordered to be ready by February 1916.[citation needed] At the same time, theOttoman Fourth Army was preparing a force of 20,000...
was a dreadnought battleshipofthe Royal Navy, originally ordered by theOttoman government from the British Vickers Company. The ship was to have been...
steam screw battleships although several other navies operated small numbers of screw battleships, including Russia (9), theOttomanEmpire (3), Sweden...
more extensive period of mass killings and ethnic cleansing of Christian populations in theOttomanEmpire at the beginning ofthe 20th century. Both genocides...
became used alongside the better-protected battleships. Battlecruisers served in the navies of Britain, Germany, theOttomanEmpire, Australia and Japan...
became used alongside the better-protected battleships. Battlecruisers served in the navies of Britain, Germany, theOttomanEmpire, Australia and Japan...
The Hamidian massacres also called the Armenian massacres, were massacres of Armenians in theOttomanEmpire in the mid-1890s. Estimated casualties ranged...
theOttomanEmpire between the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and the 1920 dissolution ofthe General Assembly, during theempire's twilight years. The absolutist...