Branch of geometry which allows the representation of three-dimensional objects in two dimensions
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Example of four different 2D representations of the same 3D object
Example object and its six principal views
Different orthographic projections of a house. The file below shows three principal views and one that shows the true lengths in the plane of the roof. (The conic dormer shows parts of an ellipse and a hyperbola.)
Descriptive geometry is the branch of geometry which allows the representation of three-dimensional objects in two dimensions by using a specific set of procedures. The resulting techniques are important for engineering, architecture, design and in art.[1] The theoretical basis for descriptive geometry is provided by planar geometric projections. The earliest known publication on the technique was "Underweysung der Messung mit dem Zirckel und Richtscheyt" (Observation of the measurement with the compass and spirit level), published in Linien, Nuremberg: 1525, by Albrecht Dürer. Italian architect Guarino Guarini was also a pioneer of projective and descriptive geometry, as is clear from his Placita Philosophica (1665), Euclides Adauctus (1671) and Architettura Civile (1686—not published until 1737), anticipating the work of Gaspard Monge (1746–1818), who is usually credited with the invention of descriptive geometry.[2][3] Gaspard Monge is usually considered the "father of descriptive geometry" due to his developments in geometric problem solving. His first discoveries were in 1765 while he was working as a draftsman for military fortifications, although his findings were published later on.[4]
Monge's protocols allow an imaginary object to be drawn in such a way that it may be modeled in three dimensions. All geometric aspects of the imaginary object are accounted for in true size/to-scale and shape, and can be imaged as seen from any position in space. All images are represented on a two-dimensional surface.
Descriptive geometry uses the image-creating technique of imaginary, parallel projectors emanating from an imaginary object and intersecting an imaginary plane of projection at right angles. The cumulative points of intersections create the desired image.
^Joseph Malkevitch (April 2003), "Mathematics and Art", Feature Column Archive, American Mathematical Society
^James Stevens Curl, ed. (2015). "Guarini, Guarino". A Dictionary of Architecture. Oxford University Press. p. 337. ISBN 9780198606789.
^Bianchini, Carlo (2012). "Stereotomy Role in Guarino Guarini's Space Research". Nuts and Bolts of Construction History. 1: 257–263. ISBN 978-2-7084-0929-3.
Descriptivegeometry is the branch of geometry which allows the representation of three-dimensional objects in two dimensions by using a specific set of...
Modern orthographic projection is derived from Gaspard Monge's descriptivegeometry. Monge defined a reference system of two viewing planes, horizontal...
This is a list of computer graphics and descriptivegeometry topics, by article name. 2D computer graphics 2D geometric model 3D computer graphics 3D projection...
projective geometry of three dimensions (leading to a proof of Desargues' theorem by using an extra dimension) further polyhedra descriptivegeometry. Whereas...
further development of descriptivegeometry and is often considered a branch of computer graphics or CAD. The term "computational geometry" in this meaning...
presented as the inventor of descriptivegeometry, (the mathematical basis of) technical drawing, and the father of differential geometry. During the French Revolution...
of visualization. There is also a list of computer graphics and descriptivegeometry topics. Area chart Bar chart Histogram Box plot Dispersion fan diagram...
elementary geometry List of geometry topics List of important publications in geometry Lists of mathematics topics Related topics Descriptivegeometry Flatland...
dictionary. In painting, photography, graphical perspective and descriptivegeometry, a picture plane is an image plane located between the "eye point"...
projection lines, are parallel to each other. It is a basic tool in descriptivegeometry. The projection is called orthographic if the rays are perpendicular...
established, he was appointed along with Monge over the department of descriptivegeometry. There he instructed some of the ablest Frenchmen of the day, among...
2-D geometric model as of a 3-D geometric model designed through descriptivegeometry and computerized equipment. simple geometric shapes boundary representation...
Washington University in St. Louis. In 1888 Waldo published A manual of descriptivegeometry, with numerous problems. Waldo was a charter member of the Indiana...
several fields of pure mathematics, including differential geometry, projective geometry, and manifolds. However, the term "map projection" refers specifically...
he was appointed full professor of descriptivegeometry at the Federal Polytechnic School. As a professor of geometry, Grossmann organized summer courses...
allotting him a top grade of 6 for history, physics, algebra, geometry, and descriptivegeometry. At seventeen, he enrolled in the four-year mathematics and...
terms, 1799 – Gaspard Monge publishes Géométrie descriptive, in which he introduces descriptivegeometry. 1806 – Louis Poinsot discovers the two remaining...
Drawing (2nd ed.), John Wiley & Sons, p. 205, ISBN 9781118007372. "The Geometry of Perspective Drawing on the Computer". Retrieved 24 April 2015. Wikimedia...
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