White wool yarn dyed with "orchella weeds", using traditional plant dye methods.
Orcein, also archil, orchil, lacmus and C.I. Natural Red 28, are names for dyes extracted from several species of lichen, commonly known as "orchella weeds", found in various parts of the world. A major source is the archil lichen, Roccella tinctoria.[1] Orcinol is extracted from such lichens. It is then converted to orcein by ammonia and air. In traditional dye-making methods, urine was used as the ammonia source. If the conversion is carried out in the presence of potassium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate (in the form of potash, lime, and gypsum in traditional dye-making methods), the result is litmus, a more complex molecule.[2] The manufacture was described by Cocq in 1812 [3] and in the UK in 1874.[4] Edmund Roberts noted orchilla as a principal export of the Cape Verde islands, superior to the same kind of "moss" found in Italy or the Canary Islands, that in 1832 was yielding an annual revenue of $200,000.[5]: pp.14, 15 Commercial archil is either a powder (called cudbear) or a paste. It is red in acidic pH and blue in alkaline pH.
^St. Clair, Kassia (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. p. 165. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129.
^Beecken, H; E-M Gottschalk; U v Gizycki; et al. (2003). "Orcein and litmus". Biotechnic & Histochemistry. 78 (6): 289–302. doi:10.1080/10520290410001671362. PMID 15473576. S2CID 41944320.
^Cocq M. (1812). Mémoire sur la fabrication et l'emploi de l'orseille. Annales de Chimie 81:258–278. Cited in: Chevreul ME. (1830). Leçons de chimie appliquée à la teinture. Paris: Pichon et Didier. p 114–116.
^Workman, A Leeds (1874). "Manufacture of Archil and Cudbear". Chemical News. 30 (173): 143.
^Roberts, Edmund (12 October 2007) [First published in 1837]. Embassy to the Eastern courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat : in the U. S. sloop-of-war Peacock ... during the years 1832-3-4. Harper & brothers. OCLC 12212199.
Orcein, also archil, orchil, lacmus and C.I. Natural Red 28, are names for dyes extracted from several species of lichen, commonly known as "orchella weeds"...
same as those of the related mixture known as orcein but in different proportions. In contrast with orcein, the principal constituent of litmus has an average...
O-methylation with dimethylsulfate. It is used in the production of the dye orcein and as a reagent in some chemical tests for pentoses, such as Bial's Test...
presence of HBsAg is more commonly demonstrated by the use of the Shikata orcein technique, which uses a natural dye to bind to the antigen in infected liver...
belonging to the family Roccellaceae, commonly called orchella weed or orchil. Orcein and other lichen dyes have largely been replaced by synthetic versions....
black color), but aldehyde fuchsin stains, Weigert's elastic stains, and orcein stains also work. These fibers give elastic cartilage great flexibility...
madder or cochineal, so Medieval violet colors were inclined toward red. Orcein, or purple moss, was another common purple dye. It was known to the ancient...
the EU. E175 Gold Gold Approved in the EU. E180 Pigment Rubine, Lithol Rubine BK Red Approved in the EU. E181 Tannin Brown E182 Orcein, Orchil Purple...
an acronym for haematoxylin, orcein, phyloxin and saffron. nuclei appear blue (haematoxylin) elastin appears black (orcein) muscle appears red (phyloxin)...
staining chromosomes in plant or animal tissues, as a replacement for Aceto-orcein stain. Toluidine blue is often used to identify mast cells, by virtue of...
orcein-positive granules, whereas the grade of necroinflammatory activity is based on cholangitis and interface hepatitis. The accumulation of orcein-positive...
Jones". 14 August 2020. D., Annie (6 September 2009). "Anime Swan Lake". Cbl.orcein.net. Retrieved 3 February 2010. "オオクワガタを販売するお店に行く – 自分のオオクワガタは販売業者から買ったものです"...
abundant and compact." Unlike Oxytalan fibres, elaunin fibres stain with orcein, aldehyde fuchsin and resorcin fuchsin without prior oxidation. Elaunin...
(orange) 120 A E U Cochineal, carmines colour (red) 121 U Citrus red 2, Orcein, Orchil colour (red) 122 A E azorubine, carmoisine colour (red) (FDA: Ext...
"Orchella weeds," a lichen that is a source of a purple-blue dye extracted from orcein Punta Orchilla Lighthouse on El Hierro, in the Canary Islands This disambiguation...
d-Limonene. Used as a fragrance, in cleaning products and in flavoring foods. Orcein – color (red) Orchil – color (red) Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum...
Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin; after preoxidation, some fibers will show up with orcein and resorcin fuchsin.(3,9) The oxytalan fiber is not visible when stained...
favour of the squash technique. In 1941 he improved the latter by using orcein with acetic acid as a stain fixative, and subsequent work with A. C. Fabergé...
with respect to their physical and chemical nature, such as repetitive DNA orcein banding, multiple DNA analysis and analysis of chemical nature of chromosomes...
contain the lichen substance orcin, which converts into the purple dye orcein in the ammonia fermentation process. Litmus, a water-soluble pH indicator...
used in chemistry as a pH indicator. Erythrolitmin is related to the orceins, and consists essentially of several phenoxazone and orcinol residues.[citation...
the parental cell. Unfixed nuclei have granular contents stained by aceto-orcein. Generally, when an insect (or host) comes in contact with Batkoa spores...
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