Global Information Lookup Global Information

Operation Pluto information


A Conundrum is towed across the English Channel laying out pipe to Cherbourg

Operation Pluto (Pipeline Under the Ocean or Pipeline Underwater Transportation of Oil, also written Operation PLUTO) was an operation by British engineers, oil companies and the British Armed Forces to build submarine oil pipelines under the English Channel to support Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Normandy during the Second World War.

The British War Office estimated that petrol, oil, and lubricants would account for more than 60 per cent of the weight of supplies required by the expeditionary forces. Pipelines would reduce the need for coastal tankers, which could be hindered by bad weather, were subject to air attack, and needed to be offloaded into vulnerable storage tanks ashore. A new kind of pipeline was required that could be rapidly deployed. Two types were developed, named "Hais" and "Hamel" after their inventors. Two pipeline systems were laid, each connected by camouflaged pumping stations to the Avonmouth-Thames pipeline.

The first was the not-very-successful "Bambi" project, which connected Sandown on the Isle of Wight to Cherbourg in Normandy. Deployment of Bambi began on 12 August 1944, and it delivered just 3,300 long tons (3,400 t) between 22 September, when the first pipeline became operational, and 4 October, when it was terminated. More successful was "Dumbo", which ran from Dungeness on the Kent coast to Boulogne in Pas-de-Calais. The Dumbo system began pumping on 26 October, expanded to 17 pipelines by December, and remained in action until 7 August 1945. Ultimately, the pipelines carried about 8 per cent of all petroleum products sent from the United Kingdom to the Allied Expeditionary Force in North West Europe, including some 180 million imperial gallons (820 million litres) of petrol.

and 26 Related for: Operation Pluto information

Request time (Page generated in 0.7956 seconds.)

Operation Pluto

Last Update:

Operation Pluto (Pipeline Under the Ocean or Pipeline Underwater Transportation of Oil, also written Operation PLUTO) was an operation by British engineers...

Word Count : 5683

Petroleum Warfare Department

Last Update:

returning from bombing raids over Germany in poor visibility, and Operation Pluto, which installed prefabricated fuel pipelines between England and France...

Word Count : 16417

New Horizons

Last Update:

a planned launch in January 2006 and arrival at Pluto in 2015. Alice Bowman became Mission Operations Manager (MOM). New Horizons is the first mission...

Word Count : 17469

Tilbury Douglas

Last Update:

V took part in pipelaying activities during July 1944, as part of Operation Pluto, which brought together British scientists, oil companies and the armed...

Word Count : 5099

Liberty ship

Last Update:

Huddell, a ship converted in 1944 into a pipe transport to support Operation Pluto, was transferred to Greece and converted to a floating museum dedicated...

Word Count : 7459

Chine

Last Update:

involvement in the Second World War, when it was used to carry one of the Operation Pluto pipelines and as training area for the 40 Royal Marine Commando battalion...

Word Count : 775

List of military operations

Last Update:

States and Cuba. Peter Pan (1960s) — transfer of Cubans to the US Operation Pluto (1961) — plan to invade Cuba and overthrow its government using a CIA-trained...

Word Count : 7910

Operation Cobra

Last Update:

225 Hastings, p. 256 Wilmot, p. 389 Clymer, Samuel (August 2011). "Operation Pluto: The Red Ball Express" (PDF). The Intercom. 34 (8): 8. Archived from...

Word Count : 6052

Amphibious warfare

Last Update:

re-supply. Many innovative elements were included in the operation to ensure its success. Operation Pluto was a scheme developed by Arthur Hartley, chief engineer...

Word Count : 11752

River Medway

Last Update:

submarine oil pipeline was conducted with one laid across the Medway in Operation Pluto. The Medway's 'marriage' to the Thames is given extensive treatment...

Word Count : 2785

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Last Update:

together with all the major departments, on the latest plan (code-named Operation Pluto), which involved 1,000 men landed in a ship-borne invasion at Trinidad...

Word Count : 18604

British logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany

Last Update:

were mainly supplied by rail. Fuels were brought by tankers and the Operation Pluto pipeline from the UK, and delivered by barge and pipeline to the army...

Word Count : 11932

Isle of Wight

Last Update:

submarines. The island was the starting point for one of the earlier Operation Pluto pipelines to feed fuel to Europe after the Normandy landings. The Needles...

Word Count : 11523

Arthur Hartley

Last Update:

involved in the development of the bombsight which sank the Tirpitz, the Operation Pluto pipeline project and the FIDO fog dispersion system. Following the...

Word Count : 1067

Combined Operations Headquarters

Last Update:

tragic results. Operation Biting – captured a Würzburg radar. Operation Starkey – a staged invasion of Europe in 1943. Operation Pluto – construction of...

Word Count : 621

Dungeness

Last Update:

underwater oil pipelines were laid between Dungeness and France in Operation Pluto. The lines from Dungeness were part of a network called "Dumbo" and...

Word Count : 2668

Air Resupply And Communications Service

Last Update:

equipping and organizing a Cuban exile force. The Cubans executed "Operation Pluto", an amphibious paratroop invasion of Cuba at Bahia de Conchinos, in...

Word Count : 5709

Pipeline

Last Update:

Natural gas pipeline system in the United States Gas networks simulation Operation Pluto Petroleum transport Pigging Pipeline bridge Pneumatic tube, a method...

Word Count : 8291

Mulberry harbour

Last Update:

many of whom were children in the same area as US military personnel. Operation Pluto Lily: a floating airstrip using components developed for the Mulberry...

Word Count : 5638

Submarine communications cable

Last Update:

cable technology to create the world's first submarine oil pipeline in Operation Pluto during World War II. Active fiber-optic cables may be useful in detecting...

Word Count : 16352

Military engineering

Last Update:

during Operation Overlord – 'D-Day'. Other significant military engineering projects of World War II include Mulberry harbour and Operation Pluto. Modern...

Word Count : 3097

HMS Abatos

Last Update:

was a Royal Navy shore establishment responsible for the planning of Operation Pluto, the construction of the undersea pipeline that supplied the Allied...

Word Count : 215

2023 attack on the Chem Pluto

Last Update:

On 23 December 2023, the tanker Chem Pluto was struck by a anti-ship missile or drone while it was carrying oil from Jubail, Saudi Arabia, to New Mangalore...

Word Count : 508

Project Pluto

Last Update:

Project Pluto was a United States government program to develop nuclear-powered ramjet engines for use in cruise missiles. Two experimental engines were...

Word Count : 5588

Free France

Last Update:

construction of artificial ports (Operation Mulberry) and an underwater pipeline across the English Channel (Operation Pluto), intensive bombardment of railways...

Word Count : 12311

John Fenwick Hutchings

Last Update:

in the First and Second World Wars. During the latter, he commanded Operation Pluto, the project to construct submarine oil pipelines under the English...

Word Count : 1037

PDF Search Engine © AllGlobal.net