Part of the Battle of the Mediterranean of the Second World War
A Spitfire takes off from USS Wasp.
Operational scope
Operational
Planned by
Air Ministry, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, US Navy
Objective
Reinforcement of Malta with Spitfire fighters
Date
14–26 April 1942
Executed by
United States United Kingdom
Outcome
Spitfires were shot down or damaged on the ground soon after they arrived
Casualties
1 pilot failed to arrive
v
t
e
Battle of the Mediterranean
1940
Vado
Malta
Club Run¹
Espero ¹²
Mers-el-Kébir
Calabria¹²
Cape Spada
Hurry ¹
Cape Passero¹
MB8 ¹
Taranto
Otranto²
White ¹
Cape Spartivento¹
1941
Excess ¹
Convoy AN 14¹
Genoa
Abstention
Souda Bay
Matapan
Tarigo ²
Crete ²
Substance ¹
Grand Harbour
Halberd ¹
Duisburg ²
Bon²
1st Sirte¹²
Alexandria
1942
2nd Sirte¹
Calendar ¹
Bowery ¹
Albumen
Harpoon ¹
Vigorous ¹
Pedestal ¹
Agreement
Torch
Stoneage ¹
Toulon
Portcullis ¹
Skerki²
Olterra¹
Algiers¹
1943
Zuwarah
Cigno ²
Campobasso ²
Pantelleria
Sicily
Gela
Scylla ²
Messina convoy²
Bastia
Strait of Bonifacio
Dodecanese
Rhodes
Leros
Kos
Cape Bougaroun¹
1944
Ist
Santorini
Symi
Port Cros
La Ciotat
1945
Ligurian Sea ¹
Allied convoys
Malta convoys
U-boat Campaign
¹ — Involved an Allied convoy or delivery mission
² — Involved an Axis convoy or delivery mission
Operation Calendar (14–26 April 1942) was an Anglo–American operation in the Second World War to deliver 52 Supermarine Spitfire fighter aircraft to Malta in April 1942. Spitfires were necessary to challenge Axis air superiority over Malta because they had the performance that Hurricane fighters lacked. Aircraft carriers were necessary to get fighter aircraft to positions in the western Mediterranean from which they had the range to reach Malta but British aircraft carriers were busy elsewhere, under repair or too small to deliver enough Spitfires to be effective.
USS Wasp was in European waters and was loaned to the British to ferry a large number of Spitfires in one voyage. Wasp picked up the fighters in the Clyde and became part of Force W, to sail to the Strait of Gibraltar, rendezvous with ships from Force H from Gibraltar, to make a Club Run, in which 48 of the 52 Spitfires were dispatched to Malta and 47 arrived. Massed air raids by the Luftwaffe and Regia Aeronautica led to the rapid destruction or damage to the Spitfires once at Malta. The failure of the Spitfires delivered to Malta led to Wasp making another Club Run in May (Operation Bowery).
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