White or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail[2][3]
Complications
Lower leg cellulitis[3]
Usual onset
Older males[2][3]
Causes
Fungal infection[3]
Risk factors
Athlete's foot, other nail diseases, exposure to someone with the condition, peripheral vascular disease, poor immune function[3]
Diagnostic method
Based on appearance, confirmed by laboratory testing[2]
Differential diagnosis
Psoriasis, chronic dermatitis, chronic paronychia, nail trauma[2]
Treatment
None, anti-fungal medication, trimming the nails[2][3]
Medication
Terbinafine, ciclopirox[2]
Prognosis
Often recurs[2]
Frequency
~10% of adults[2]
Onychomycosis, also known as tinea unguium,[4] is a fungal infection of the nail.[2] Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed.[2] Fingernails may be affected, but it is more common for toenails.[3] Complications may include cellulitis of the lower leg.[3]
A number of different types of fungus can cause onychomycosis, including dermatophytes and Fusarium.[3] Risk factors include athlete's foot, other nail diseases, exposure to someone with the condition, peripheral vascular disease, and poor immune function.[3] The diagnosis is generally suspected based on the appearance and confirmed by laboratory testing.[2]
Onychomycosis does not necessarily require treatment.[3] The antifungal medication terbinafine taken by mouth appears to be the most effective but is associated with liver problems.[2][5] Trimming the affected nails when on treatment also appears useful.[2]
There is a ciclopirox-containing nail polish, but there is no evidence that it works.[2] The condition returns in up to half of cases following treatment.[2] Not using old shoes after treatment may decrease the risk of recurrence.[3]
Onychomycosis occurs in about 10 percent of the adult population,[2] with older people more frequently affected.[2] Males are affected more often than females.[3] Onychomycosis represents about half of nail disease.[2] It was first determined to be the result of a fungal infection in 1853 by Georg Meissner.[6]
^ abRapini RP, Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 1135. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrWesterberg DP, Voyack MJ (December 2013). "Onychomycosis: Current trends in diagnosis and treatment". American Family Physician. 88 (11): 762–70. PMID 24364524.
^ abcdefghijklm"Onychomycosis – Dermatologic Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. February 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
^Rodgers P, Bassler M (February 2001). "Treating onychomycosis". American Family Physician. 63 (4): 663–72, 677–8. PMID 11237081.
^Kreijkamp-Kaspers S, Hawke K, Guo L, Kerin G, Bell-Syer SE, Magin P, et al. (July 2017). "Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (7): CD010031. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010031.pub2. PMC 6483327. PMID 28707751.
^Rigopoulos D, Elewski B, Richert B (2018). Onychomycosis: Diagnosis and Effective Management. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781119226505.
samples may be necessary. There are five classic types of onychomycosis: Distal subungual onychomycosis is the most common form of tinea unguium and is usually...
States, Canada, and Japan as a 10% topical solution for the treatment of onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nail). Efinaconazole acts as a 14α-demethylase...
Proximal subungual onychomycosis is an infection of the nail plate by fungus, primarily affecting the proximal nailfold.: 305 Onychomycosis Skin lesion James...
new nail plate will form once the cause of the disease is removed. Onychomycosis, also known as tinea unguium, is a contagious infection of the nail...
corporis). Tablets by mouth are often prescribed for the treatment of onychomycosis, a fungal nail infection, typically by a dermatophyte or Candida species...
Candidal onychomycosis is an infection of the nail plate by fungus caused by Candida.: 305 In one study Candida parapsilosis was the most common species;...
superficial onychomycosis is an infection of the nail plate by fungus, primarily affecting the surface of the nail.: 305 Onychomycosis Skin lesion James...
balls), otomycosis (ear infection), keratitis (eye infection), and onychomycosis (nail infection). In most instances, these are less severe, and curable...
amorolfine hydrochloride as the active ingredient. It is used to treat onychomycosis (fungal infection of the toe- and fingernails). Amorolfine 5% nail lacquer...
regions. Onychomycosis, a common infection caused by dermatophytes, is found with varying prevalence rates in many countries. Tinea pedis + onychomycosis, Tinea...
opportunistic human onychomycosis and cutaneous infections. Such non-dermatophytic species are responsible for a small percentage of onychomycosis cases. Nonetheless...
Distal subungual onychomycosis is an infection of the nail plate by fungus, primarily involving the distal nail plate.: 305 Onychomycosis Skin lesion James...
(whitening), or onycholysis, affecting the nails of the hands and feet. Onychomycosis (tinea) It is common in ballet dancers Chemotherapy (cytotoxic agents...
formulations, ciclopirox is used in lacquers for topical treatment of onychomycosis (fungal infections of the nails). A meta-analysis of the six trials...
onychomycosis. In clinical trials, tavaborole was more effective than the vehicle (ethyl acetate and propylene glycol) alone in curing onychomycosis....
is a clonal line within sexual species T. mentagrophytes. It causes onychomycosis and tinea pedis in humans, and has never been isolated from animals...
this class of antifungal is Tavaborole. Onychomycosis Benzoxaborole antifungal is for the treatment of onychomycosis of toenails. It is applied to the affected...
dermatophyte on the skin. Toenail and fingernail infections are referred to as onychomycosis. Dermatophytes usually do not invade living tissues, but colonize the...
year worldwide. Onychomycosis, a fungal infection which predominantly affects toenails. Two most common causative agents of onychomycosis are Trichophyton...
oral medications are available by prescription. Onychomycosis (also known as "dermatophytic onychomycosis", or "tinea unguium" is a fungal infection of...
the nail, has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of onychomycosis - fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails. Topical and oral...
such as tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris, tinea corporis and onychomycosis. Diagnostic approaches of the fungal infection include physical examination...
Roberts DT, Taylor WD, Boyle J (March 2003). "Guidelines for treatment of onychomycosis". The British Journal of Dermatology. 148 (3): 402–10. doi:10.1046/j...
usually a localized infection of the skin, fingernails or toenails (onychomycosis), or mucosal membranes, including the oral cavity and pharynx (thrush)...
could result in a secondary bacterial infection and failure to heal. Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail that causes whitish-yellowish discoloration...
licensed for use in blastomycosis, sporotrichosis, histoplasmosis, and onychomycosis. Itraconazole is over 99% protein-bound and has virtually no penetration...
inflammatory response. Candida parapsilosis is occasionally encountered in onychomycosis. Adhesion capacity and biofilm are important for C. parapsilosis, because...
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