Official use: Middle Danish, Old Swedish, Middle Norwegian, Renaissance Latin
Also spoken: Middle Icelandic, Old Faroese, Norn, Greenlandic Norse, Middle Low German, Finnish, Sami, Greenlandic, Karelian
Religion
Catholicism
Government
Personal union
Monarch
• 1397–1442a
Eric of Pomerania (first)
• 1513–23b
Christian II (last)
Legislature
Riksråd and Herredag (one in each kingdom)
Historical era
Late Middle Ages
• Inception
17 June 1397
• Engelbrekt rebellion
1434–1436
• Stockholm Bloodbath
November 1520
• Gustav Vasa elected as King of Sweden
1523
• Denmark-Norway was established.
1523
Area
• Total
2,839,386 km2 (1,096,293 sq mi)
Currency
Mark, Örtug, Norwegian penning, Swedish penning
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kingdom of Denmark
Kingdom of Norway
Kingdom of Sweden
Denmark–Norway
Kingdom of Sweden
Margaret I ruled Denmark 1387–1412, Norway 1388–1389, and Sweden 1389–1412
Christian II ruled Denmark and Norway 1513–1523; Sweden 1520–1521
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The Kalmar Union (Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish: Kalmarunionen; Finnish: Kalmarin unioni; Icelandic: Kalmarsambandið; Latin: Unio Calmariensis) was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden as designed by widowed Queen Margaret of Norway and Sweden. From 1397 to 1523,[1] it joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including much of present-day Finland), and Norway, together with Norway's overseas colonies[N 1] (then including Iceland, Greenland,[N 2] the Faroe Islands, and the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland).
The union was not quite continuous; there were several short interruptions. Legally, the countries remained separate sovereign states. However, their domestic and foreign policies were directed by a common monarch. Gustav Vasa's election as King of Sweden on 6 June 1523, and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later, marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.[2] Formally, the Danish king acknowledged Sweden's independence in 1524 at the Treaty of Malmö.
^Harald Gustafsson, "A State That Failed?" Scandinavian Journal of History (2006) 32#3 pp. 205–220
^Anastacia Sampson. "Swedish Monarchy – Gustav Vasa". sweden.org.za o. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
Cite error: There are <ref group=N> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=N}} template (see the help page).
Kalmar (/ˈkælmɑːr/, US also /ˈkɑːlmɑːr/, Swedish: [ˈkǎlmar] ) is a city in the southeast of Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. It had 41.388 inhabitants...
Queen Margaret when the country entered into the KalmarUnion. After Sweden broke out of the KalmarUnion in 1521, Norway tried to follow suit, [citation...
re-interpretation of the already well-established emblem. When the KalmarUnion, the personal union between Denmark, Norway and Sweden, was instituted by Queen...
Christianized, and the coming centuries saw various unions of Scandinavian nations, most notably the KalmarUnion of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which lasted...
union with the Kingdom of Hungary 1102–1918 Personal union with Norway (986–995, 1000–1014, 1028–1035, 1042–1047, 1380–1397, 1397–1523 (KalmarUnion)...
This is a listing of monarchs in the countries of the KalmarUnion. The union monarchs who were Danish kings, met with opposition in Norway and Sweden...
cross on a yellow background, was used as union flag during the Kalmarunion (1397 to 1523), and when that union fell apart in 1523 the same design, but...
Hanseatic League. Norway entered the KalmarUnion with Denmark and Sweden in 1397. After Sweden left the union in 1523, Norway became the junior partner...
any lingering hope of Scandinavian union. In the aftermath of Sweden's definitive secession from the KalmarUnion in 1521, civil war and the Protestant...
Kalmar Castle (Swedish: Kalmar slott) is a castle in the city Kalmar in the province of Småland in Sweden. During the twelfth century a round defensive...
1523 by the acclamation of Gustav Vasa as king which finally ended the KalmarUnion with Denmark, although the current Swedish constitution dates to 1974...
Kalmar Fotbollförening, more commonly known as Kalmar FF, is a Swedish professional football club based in Kalmar. The club is affiliated to Smålands...
Viking Age KalmarUnion Reformation Danevirke Denmark–Norway Danish Empire Colonization of the Americas Golden Age Scandinavian Monetary Union Postal history...
universities. The Nordic KalmarUnion was founded by Queen of Denmark Margaret I in 1397. In practice, conflicts arose within the union, as the Swedish high...
elected king of the KalmarUnion by the Danes. During the following centuries, Norway remained united with Denmark in close union, nominally as one kingdom...
Brothers (1392–1398) KalmarUnion Victual Brothers Victory Formation of the KalmarUnion. Dano-Hanseatic War (1426–1435) KalmarUnion House of Schaumburg...
Sweden was often united with Denmark and Norway under the kings of the KalmarUnion. Sweden's full independence was restored under Gustav I in 1523. He is...
Finland) from the late 1380s until her death, and the founder of the KalmarUnion that joined the Scandinavian kingdoms together for over a century. She...
In 1397, Sweden joined Norway and Denmark to form the Scandinavian KalmarUnion, which Sweden left in 1523. When Sweden became involved in the Thirty...
Norway were united in the KalmarUnion. During the following century, a series of rebellions lessened Sweden's ties to the union, sometimes even leading...
13th century. In 1397, Iceland followed Norway's integration into the KalmarUnion along with the kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden, coming under de facto...
have been under the Crown of Denmark since 1397 (de facto) when the KalmarUnion was ratified, and part of the Danish Realm since 1814 (de jure). However...
Finland; that is, the kings of Sweden with regents and viceroys of the KalmarUnion, the grand dukes of Finland, a title used by most Swedish monarchs, up...
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