For details regarding Ersatz oil facilities of Nazi Germany, see Synthetic fuel § History.
Main article: Oil campaign of World War II
Allied bombing of the oil campaign targets of World War II included attacks on Nazi Germany oil refineries, synthetic oil plants, storage depots, and other chemical works. Natural oil was available in Northwestern Germany at Nienhagen[1] (55%—300,000 tons per year),[2] Rietberg (20%—300,000), and Heide (300,000) and refineries were mainly at Hamburg and Hannover. Refineries in France, Holland, and Italy (54)—mainly coastal plants for ocean-shipped crude—were within Allied bombing range and generally unused by Germany[3] (Italian refining ceased in August 1943).[4] Even before the war, Germany was dependent on foreign sources for an adequate supply of oil. The annexations of Austria and the Sudetenland (and the breakup of Czechoslovakia); the "campaigns in Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France…and imports from the Soviet Union provided significant wartime POL imports to Nazi Germany.[5] Firms that operated oil facilities included Deutsche Erdöl-Aktiengesellschaft, Brabag (e.g., Böhlen, Magdeburg/Rothensee, Zeitz),[6] Fanto (Pardubice, Budapest),[3] and I.G. Farbenindustrie (Blechhammer, Ludwigshafen/Oppau,[6] Oświęcim).
This table is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Czechoslovakia (Brüx,
Bratislava,
Dubová,
Kralupy,
Kolín, Pardubice)
France (Balaruc)
France (La Pallice
Hungary (Almásfüzitő)
Hungary (Budapest)
Hungary (Szőny)
Poland (Czechowice)
Poland (Drohobycz)
Poland (Trzebinia)
Romania (Braşov)
Romania (Brazi)
Romania (Bucharest)[3] Romania (Câmpina)
Romania (Ploieşti)
Oil fields
Nienhagen
Hungary (Nagykanizsa)[10]
Oil storage depots
Austria: (Korneuburg)
Bücken
Bruges
Dülmen
Ebenhausen
Erfurt
Erbach or Ebrach
Frankfurt am Main
Freiham
Hamburg
Kassel
Marienburg
Munich
Neuenheerse
Roudnice nad Labem
Winterhafen)
Würzburg
Underground:
Ehmen[verification needed] Farge[2] Hitzacker[2] Loccum[2] Nienburg[2]
Belgium (Antwerp)
France (Dugny)
France (Le Pontet)
France (Le Pouzin)
France (Lyon)
France (Montbartier)
France (Paris)
France (Rouen)
France (Sète)
Italy (La Spezia)
Italy (Porto Marghera)
Romania (Constanţa)
Romania (Giurgiu)
Yugoslavia (Belgrade)
Yugoslavia (Pula)
External images
Map of oil facilities
Blechhammer North
Bratislava Apollo refinery
Magdeburg/Rothensee
Nov '44 Wanna-Eickel bombing photo
^"tbd" (PDF).
^ abcdefgh
Ludmer, Henry (November 1947). "Oil in Germany" (PDF). The Ohio Journal of Science. 47 (6): 259–263. Retrieved 2009-02-11.
^ abcde
HQ. U.S.S.T.A.F. (5 March 1944). Plan for Completion of Combined Bomber Offensive Copy I [package]. Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library: SMITH, WALTER BEDELL: Collection of World War II Documents, 1941-1945; Box No.: 48: HQ, U.S.S.T.A.F. MOST SECRET … DECLASSIFIED … 4/4/74{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
Cover letter: Spaatz, Carl (5 March 1944). SUBJECT: Plan for Completion of Combined Bomber Offensive TO: General Dwight D. Eisenhower, supreme Allied Commander, Headquarters, ETOUSA. Headquarters United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe APO 633: Office of the Commanding General. SECRET … DECLASSIFIED … 4/24/74 …3Incls:{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
"Plan": Williamson, Charles C.; Hughes, R. D.; Cabell, C. P.; Nazarro, J. J.; Bender, F. P.; Crigglesworth, W. J. (5 March 1944). "Plan for the Completion of the Combined Bomber Offensive": 5 pages + Appendices A–G & Supplement. the rapid attrition of the German Fighter Force in being [vice production] can best be achieved by attacks on objectives which are so vital to the German War Machine that they must defend them with everything they have, or face the rapid reduction of their military forces to impotence. … the action to be adopted: … b. must favor a Rankin.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"Supplement": _____ "Reexamination of Previously Recommended Target Systems": 2 pages + Parts 1–10. [targets] which the C.A.S. and Casablanca directives have specifically mentioned{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"Part 1": _____ "Prospect for Ending War by Air Attack Against German Morale": 2 pages. Day raids by American heavy bombers against [morale] have little merit as a means of exploiting air supremacy over Germany. Neither fear, war weariness, nor the prospect of impoverishment is likely to be sufficient to enable impotent political and social groups to overthrow the efficient, terroristic Nazi social controls and bring about RANKIN. … The will of the Nazi party to resist Allied military pressure springs from strong, simple urges. It is generally agreed, and is doubtless clear to the party's leading members, that their chances for survival after RANKIN are slight.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
…
"Part 10": _____ "Target Potentialities of Oil -- March 1944": 7 pages, including Tables 1–4. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^
Western Axis Subcommittee (c. 1943). "Estimated Refinery Output in Axis Europe -- 1943" (PDF). Enemy Oil Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
^ abBecker, Peter W. (1981). "The Role of Synthetic Fuel In World War II Germany: implications for today?". Air University Review. Maxwell AFB. Archived from the original on 2013-02-22.
^ ab
Schroeder, W. C. (August 1946). "Report On Investigations by Fuels and Lubricants Teams At The I.G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Works, Ludwigshafen and Oppau". US Bureau of Mines, Office of Synthetic Liquid Fuels. Archived from the original on 2007-11-08. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
^
Galland, Adolf (1968) [1954]. The First and the Last: The Rise and Fall of the German Fighter Forces, 1938-1945. Ninth Printing - paperbound. New York: Ballantine Books. p. 239.
^
Levine, Alan J (1992). The Strategic Bombing of Germany, 1940-1945. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-275-94319-6. Retrieved 2006-06-30.
^"tbd".
^Gilbert, Sir Martin (June 2004). The Second World War. Henry Holt and Company. p. 509. ISBN 978-0-8050-7623-3. Retrieved 2009-04-07.
and 29 Related for: Oil campaign targets of World War II information
Allied bombing of the oilcampaigntargetsofWorldWarII included attacks on Nazi Germany oil refineries, synthetic oil plants, storage depots, and other...
The oilcampaign chronology ofWorldWarII lists bombing missions and related events regarding the petroleum/oil/lubrication (POL) facilities that supplied...
Hamburg-Harburg area oil refineries were attacked throughout the war. As part of a sustained campaignof strategic bombing during WorldWarII, the attack during...
campaignof the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. During the initial phase in early 1942, the Empire of Japan...
Japan during WorldWarII Japan's involvement in WorldWarII encapsulates a significant period in the history of the Empire of Japan, marked by significant...
permission to attack targets in the Ruhr, including oil plants and other civilian industrial targets that aided the German war effort, such as blast...
The Gulf Warof 1990–1991 included an air campaign, as the air forces of the coalition carried out an extensive aerial bombing campaign from 17 January...
start of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. List ofWorldWarII battles Mediterranean U-boat Campaign (WorldWarII) Military history of Gibraltar during World War...
The military history of the United States during WorldWarII covers the nation's role as one of the major Allies in their victory over the Axis Powers...
The Bucharest WorldWarII bombings were primarily Allied bombings of railroad targets and those of the OilCampaignofWorldWarII, but included a bombing...
At the beginning ofWorldWarII, the Royal Navy was the strongest navy in the world, with the largest number of warships built and with naval bases across...
the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific theater ofWorldWarII. It was the first major land offensive by Allied forces against the Empire of Japan. On...
re-evaluated the goals of the bombing campaigns, to focus less on strategic targets, and more toward targetsof tactical significance. On 28 March, in...
"more than their share of handicaps." Italy portal Black Brigades Italian Army equipment in WorldWarII Italian Campaign (WorldWarII), Allied operations...
on 1 September 1939, starting WorldWarII. The Soviets invaded eastern Poland on 17 September. Following the Winter War with Finland, the Soviets were...
during WorldWarII was one of the largest Allied forces contingents which took part in the North and East African Campaign, Western Desert Campaign. At...
Global Information