WWII campaigns by Japan to conquer New Guinea, and by Allies to retake it
New Guinea Campaign
Part of the Pacific Theater of World War II
Australian forces attack Japanese positions near Buna
Date
23 January 1942 – 15 August 1945
Location
Australian Papua and New Guinea; Dutch New Guinea
Result
Allied victory
Belligerents
Australia
Papua
New Guinea
United States United Kingdom Netherlands
Empire of Japan
Commanders and leaders
Douglas MacArthur
George Kenney
Robert Eichelberger
Arthur Carpender
Daniel Barbey
Hitoshi Imamura
Hatazō Adachi
Tomitarō Horii †
Isoroku Yamamoto †
Jisaburo Ozawa
Jinichi Kusaka
Masatomi Kimura
Strength
350,000[1]
Casualties and losses
42,000 total[2]
(c.7,000 killed)[3]
12,291 (4,684 killed)[4]
202,100 total dead
127,600 on New Guinea main island[3]
44,000 on Bougainville[3]
30,500 on New Britain, New Ireland, and the Admiralty Islands[3]
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v
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New Guinea campaign
1942
Battle of Rabaul
1st Lae-Salamaua
Coral Sea
Kokoda Track
Milne Bay
Goodenough Island
Buna–Gona
Lilliput
Merauke
1943
Wau
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1944–45
Neutralisation of Rabaul
Admiralties
Emirau
Take Ichi
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Western New Guinea
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Huon Peninsula
Admiralty Islands
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Labuan
Beaufort
Balikpapan
The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. During the initial phase in early 1942, the Empire of Japan invaded the Territory of New Guinea on 23 January and Territory of Papua on 21 July and overran western New Guinea (part of the Netherlands East Indies) beginning on 29 March. During the second phase, lasting from late 1942 until the Japanese surrender, the Allies—consisting primarily of Australian forces—cleared the Japanese first from Papua, then New Guinea, and finally from the Dutch colony.
The campaign resulted in a crushing defeat and heavy losses for the Empire of Japan. As in most Pacific War campaigns, disease and starvation claimed more Japanese lives than enemy action. Most Japanese troops never even came into contact with Allied forces and were instead simply cut off and subjected to an effective blockade by Allied naval forces. Garrisons were effectively besieged and denied shipments of food and medical supplies, and as a result some claim that 97% of Japanese deaths in this campaign were from non-combat causes.[5] According to John Laffin, the campaign "was arguably the most arduous fought by any Allied troops during World War II."[6]
^Tanaka 1980, p. ii.
^New Guinea: The US Army Campaigns of World War II Archived 21 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. 8,500 prior to January 1943, 24,000 between January 1943 and April 1944, and 9,500 from April 1944 to the end of the war. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
^ abcdFenton, Damien (1 June 2004). "How many died?". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
^Statistical and Accounting Branch Office of the Adjutant General 1953, p. 94
^Stevens, David. "The Naval Campaigns for New Guinea". Journal of the Australian War Memorial: paragraph 30. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
^Laffin 1986, p. 303
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