Declaration of independence of Guayaquil from the Spanish Empire
Independence of Guayaquil
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
Date
October 9, 1820
Location
Guayaquil
Result
Creation of the Free Province of Guayaquil
Belligerents
Free Province of Guayaquil
Spanish Empire
Commanders and leaders
José de Olmedo José de Antepara José de Villamil León Febres Cordero Antonio Elizalde y Lamar Francisco de Marcos Francisco Lavayen Gregorio Escobedo Luis Urdaneta Miguel de Letamendi Rafael Ximena Francisco María Roca Francisco Elizalde Vicente Ramón Roca[1]
Fernando VII Juan de Urbina Joaquín Magallar † Antonio Fominaya Francisco de Benavides y Vargas Francisco Eugenio Tamariz
Casualties and losses
No casualties
1 death[2]
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Ecuadorian War of Independence
Quito Revolution (1809-1812)
Ibarra (1812)
Free Province of Guayaquil (1820-1821)
October 9 Revolution
Camino Real
Huachi (1820)
Sucre's campaign (1821-1823)
Yaguachi
Huachi (1821)
Pichincha
Pasto Campaign
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The October 9 Revolution was a successful revolt against the Spanish Empire in Guayaquil on October 9, 1820. It was led by the General Antonio José de Sucre and directed by Simón Bolívar. The revolt established a revolutionary junta and created the Free Province of Guayaquil, an independent state. The independence of Guayaquil revived the war of independence of the Real Audiencia de Quito as part of the Spanish American wars of independence. Prominent events in the revolution include the uprising of the Spanish garrison in the city of Guayaquil (formed essentially by the Cuzco Reserve Grenadier regiment) and the control of the Pacific by the Liberating Expedition of Peru, under the command of José de San Martín.
After military setbacks, Simón Bolívar's reached out to Sucre to come to Guayaquil. The liberating army included Ecuadorians from the Inter-Andean and Coastal regions, Granadans from Venezuela, Colombia, Peruvians and Spaniards who were supporters of the cause.
In traditional Ecuadorian history, several popular uprisings such as the "Crisis de las Alcabalas" in 1592, and the "Rebelión de los Estancos" in 1765 have been seen as precursors to the city's independence.
The first uprising calling for a Creole government and independence from Spain in the Real Audiencia of Quito was on August 10, 1809. This was promoted among certain sectors of the Quito population by the works and legacy of Eugenio Espejo. This event is traditionally known as the "First Cry of Independence", however, the leaders of the cause never spoke clearly of independence, but more of political autonomy concerning the metropolis and the capital of the viceroyalty. They swore allegiance to King Ferdinand VII, thus opposing the invasion that Spain was suffering at the time by Napoleon's French troops, and the proclamation of Joseph Bonaparte as the new king. The troops sent by the Viceroy of Peru, José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, on whom the Real Audiencia of Quito depended at the time, put an end to the popular resistance on November 8, 1810.
Other causes that influenced the independence of Guayaquil were the emancipatory campaigns in the northern region of South America, led by Simón Bolívar. Also, the advent of José de San Martín's expedition to liberate Peru from Chile together with Lord Thomas Cochrane's naval campaigns blockading the main ports of the South Pacific, such as Callao and Guayaquil, weakened the Spanish forces of the Quito Audiencia.
Prominent figures of the revolution include Dr. José Joaquín de Olmedo, José de Antepara, and General José de Villamil.
^"9 de Octubre de 1820: Independencia de Guayaquil | Especiales El Universo". 9 de Octubre de 1820 (in European Spanish). Retrieved 6 July 2022.
^"La revolución del 9 de Octubre de 1820 en 20 hechos curiosos". El Universo (in Spanish). 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
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