Nuclear power plant in Obninsk, Russia (operates 1954–2002)
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Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (Russian: Обнинская АЭС, romanized: Obninskaja AES; pronunciationⓘ) was built in the "Science City" of Obninsk,[1] Kaluga Oblast, about 110 km (68 mi) southwest of Moscow, Soviet Union. Connected to the power grid in June 1954, Obninsk was the first grid-connected nuclear power plant in the world,[2] i.e. the first nuclear reactor that produced electricity industrially,[3] albeit at small scale.[4] It was located at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering.[5] The plant is also known as APS-1 Obninsk (Atomic Power Station 1 Obninsk). It remained in operation between 1954 and 2002. Its production of electricity for the grid ceased in 2002; thereafter it functioned as a research and isotope production plant only.[6]
According to Lev Kotchetkov, who was there at the time: "Although utilisation of generated heat was going on, and production of isotopes was even enhanced, the main task was to carry out experimental studies on 17 test loops installed in the reactor."[1] The technology perfected in the Obninsk pilot plant[7] was later employed on a much larger scale in the RBMK reactors.[3]
^ abNuclear Engineering International: Obninsk - number one, by Lev Kotchetkov Archived 2 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, who was there at the time. Source for most of the information in this article.
^Paul R. Josephson (2005). Red Atom: Russia's Nuclear Power Program from Stalin to Today. University of Pittsburgh Pre. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-8229-7847-3.
^ abRonald Allen Knief (1992). Nuclear engineering: theory and technology of commercial nuclear power (2nd ed.). Hemisphere Pub. Corp. p. 303. ISBN 978-1-56032-088-3.
^Steven B Krivit; Jay H Lehr; Thomas B Kingery, eds. (2011). Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia: Science, Technology, and Applications. Wiley. pp. 26 and 138. ISBN 978-1-118-04347-9.
^"Nuclear Power in Russia". World Nuclear Association. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2006.
^National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on End Points for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russia and the United States. (2003). End Points for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in Russia and the United States. National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Radioactive Waste Management. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. p. 22. ISBN 0-309-50718-9. OCLC 52856463.
^International Atomic Energy Agency (1968). Nuclear Power Economics Vol II. Bibliographical Series no. 30. International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 95. OCLC 24577447. first atomic power station Obninsk - pilot plant for the development of graphite-moderated steam-cooled ...
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