Thermal power station where the heat source is a nuclear reactor
Angra Nuclear Power Plant in Brazil
A nuclear power plant (NPP)[1] is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power stations, heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a generator that produces electricity. As of September 2023[update], the International Atomic Energy Agency reported there were 410 nuclear power reactors in operation in 32 countries around the world, and 57 nuclear power reactors under construction.[2][3]
Nuclear plants are very often used for base load since their operations, maintenance, and fuel costs are at the lower end of the spectrum of costs.[4] However, building a nuclear power plant often spans five to ten years, which can accrue to significant financial costs, depending on how the initial investments are financed.[5]
Nuclear power plants have a carbon footprint comparable to that of renewable energy such as solar farms and wind farms,[6][7] and much lower than fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal. Nuclear power plants are among the safest mode of electricity generation,[8] comparable to solar and wind power plants.[9]
^Release, Press. "New modification of Russian VVER-440 fuel loaded at Paks NPP in Hungary".
^"PRIS – Home". Iaea.org. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
^"World Nuclear Power Reactors 2007–08 and Uranium Requirements". World Nuclear Association. June 9, 2008. Archived from the original on March 3, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
^"Table A.III.1 − Cost and performance parameters of selected electricity supply technologies" (PDF). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
^Reduction of Capital Costs of Nuclear Power Plants. OECD / NEA. 8 February 2000. doi:10.1787/9789264180574-en. ISBN 9789264171442. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
^Rueter, Gero (27 December 2021). "How sustainable is wind power?". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 28 December 2021. An onshore wind turbine that is newly built today produces around nine grams of CO2 for every kilowatt hour (kWh) it generates ... a new offshore plant in the sea emits seven grams of CO2 per kWh ... solar power plants emit 33 grams CO2 for every kWh generated ... natural gas produces 442 grams CO2 per kWh, power from hard coal 864 grams, and power from lignite, or brown coal, 1034 grams ... nuclear energy accounts for about 117 grams of CO2 per kWh, considering the emissions caused by uranium mining and the construction and operation of nuclear reactors.
^"Table A.III.2 − Emissions of selected electricity supply technologies (gCO2eq / kWh)" (PDF). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
^Markandya, Anil; Wilkinson, Paul (13 September 2007). "Electricity generation and health". The Lancet. 370 (9591): 979–990. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61253-7. PMID 17876910. S2CID 25504602. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
^"Death rates from energy production per TWh". Our World in Data. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
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