In psychology, number sense is the term used for the hypothesis that some animals, particularly humans, have a biologically determined ability that allows them to represent and manipulate large numerical quantities. The term was popularized by Stanislas Dehaene in his 1997 book "The Number Sense," but originally named by the mathematician Tobias Dantzig in his 1930 text Number: The Language of Science.
Psychologists believe that the number sense in humans can be differentiated into the approximate number system, a system that supports the estimation of the magnitude, and the parallel individuation system, which allows the tracking of individual objects, typically for quantities below 4.[1]
There are also some differences in how number sense is defined in math cognition. For example, Gersten and Chard say number sense "refers to a child's fluidity and flexibility with numbers, the sense of what numbers mean and an ability to perform mental mathematics and to look at the world and make comparisons."[2][3][4]
In non-human animals, number sense is not the ability to count, but the ability to perceive changes in the number of things in a collection.[5] All mammals, and most birds, will notice if there is a change in the number of their young nearby. Many birds can distinguish two from three.[6]
Researchers consider number sense to be of prime importance for children in early elementary education, and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics has made number sense a focus area of pre-K through 2nd grade mathematics education.[7] An active area of research is to create and test teaching strategies to develop children's number sense. Number sense also refers to the contest hosted by the University Interscholastic League. This contest is a ten-minute test where contestants solve math problems mentally—no calculators, scratch-work, or mark-outs are allowed.[8]
^Piazza, M. (2010). "Neurocognitive start-up tools for symbolic number representations". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 14 (12): 542–551. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.09.008. PMID 21055996. S2CID 13229498.
^"Number Sense: Rethinking Arithmetic Instruction for Students with Mathematical Disabilities".
^Berch, Daniel B. (2005). "Making Sense of Number Sense: Implications for Children With Mathematical Disabilities". Journal of Learning Disabilities. 38 (4): 333–339. doi:10.1177/00222194050380040901. PMID 16122065. S2CID 1657049.
^"Stages in Development of Number Sense - Harvard Education Letter".
^"Number Systems". www.math.twsu.edu.
^Dantzig, Tobias. Number: The Language of Science. New York: Macmillan Company, 1930.
^"Understanding a Child's Development of Number Sense".
In psychology, numbersense is the term used for the hypothesis that some animals, particularly humans, have a biologically determined ability that allows...
used by non-human organisms are even greater in variety and number. During sensation, sense organs collect various stimuli (such as a sound or smell) for...
Numbersense in animals is the ability of creatures to represent and discriminate quantities of relative sizes by numbersense. It has been observed in...
representation (or number module deficit hypothesis) and the access deficit hypothesis.[citation needed] Dehaene's "numbersense" theory suggests that...
date actually using the number 0 has been found before the 3rd century AD, but since the long count system would make no sense without some placeholder...
includes a wide range of mathematical concepts and skills, including numbersense, algebra, geometry, measurement, and data analysis. These concepts and...
from inclusion of Vinculum notation. Dehaene, Stanislas (1997). The NumberSense : How the Mind Creates Mathematics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199723096...
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thought that it expresses. Frege justified the distinction in a number of ways. Sense is something possessed by a name, whether or not it has a reference...
Common sense is "knowledge, judgement, and taste which is more or less universal and which is held more or less without reflection or argument". As such...
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Beswick, Kim (2004), "Why Does 0.999... = 1?: A Perennial Question and NumberSense", Australian Mathematics Teacher, 60 (4): 7–9 "Lambert's Original Proof...
cognition whereby plants appear to perform arithmetic operations – a form of numbersense in plants. Some such plants include the Venus flytrap and Arabidopsis...
of magnitude is included in the number name in this example, because bi- means 2 and tri- means 3 (these make sense in the long scale only), and the...
parietal numbersense system. Indeed, the few studies carried out on children with dyscalculia only point to a brain level impairment of the numbersense system...
Griffin and Case's "Number Worlds" curriculum. The curriculum works toward building a "central conceptual structure" of numbersense in young children by...
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crude sense of cardinality, an awareness that groups of things or events compare with other groups by containing more, fewer, or the same number of instances...
numeric knowledge. Substantial aspects of numeracy also include numbersense, operation sense, computation, measurement, geometry, probability and statistics...
Arithmetic is closely related to number theory and some authors use the terms as synonyms. However, in a more specific sense, number theory is restricted to the...
Vieweg+Teubner Verlag. ISBN 978-3-528-05757-2. West, Jessica F. (2011). Numbersense routines : building numerical literacy every day in grades K-3. Portland...
such complementary bitlines are attached to a sense amplifier at the edge of the array. Number of sense amplifiers are of that of the "bitline' on the...
respective government. The term "country" is used in its most common use, in the sense of state which exercises sovereignty or has limited recognition. The list...
students to practice counting and elementary arithmetic and develop numbersense in the context of the decimal place-value system as a more concrete and...
therefore a mental object, a sense datum. The idea that our perceptions are based on sense data is supported by a number of arguments. The first is popularly...
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