Colonial expansion in late 19th and early 20th centuries
"Neoimperialism" redirects here. For indirect imperialism and colonial practices following decolonization, see Neocolonialism.
For broader coverage of this topic, see Imperialism.
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article may lack focus or may be about more than one topic. Please help improve this article, possibly by splitting the article and/or by introducing a disambiguation page, or discuss this issue on the talk page.(January 2021)
This article may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help improve it by rewriting it in a balanced fashion that contextualizes different points of view.(January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
(Learn how and when to remove this message)
Part of a series on
New Imperialism
History
Western imperialism in Asia
Great Game
Scramble for Africa
Historiography of the British Empire
Theory
The Expansion of England
Gentlemanly capitalism
The Imperialism of Free Trade
Imperialism: A Study
Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
Porter–MacKenzie debate
See also
Imperialism
Colonialism
Decolonization
v
t
e
In historical contexts, New Imperialism characterizes a period of colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[1] The period featured an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial acquisitions. At the time, states focused on building their empires with new technological advances and developments, expanding their territory through conquest, and exploiting the resources of the subjugated countries. During the era of New Imperialism, the European powers (and Japan) individually conquered almost all of Africa and parts of Asia. The new wave of imperialism reflected ongoing rivalries among the great powers, the economic desire for new resources and markets, and a "civilizing mission" ethos. Many of the colonies established during this era gained independence during the era of decolonization that followed World War II.
The qualifier "new" is used to differentiate modern imperialism from earlier imperial activity, such as the formation of ancient empires and the first wave of European colonization.[1][2]
^ abLouis, Wm. Roger (2006). "32: Robinson and Gallagher and Their Critics". Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization. London: I.B.Tauris. p. 910. ISBN 9781845113476. Retrieved 10 August 2017. [...] the concept of the 'new imperialism' espoused by such diverse writers as John A. Hobson, V. I. Lenin, Leonard Woolf, Parker T, Moon, Robert L. Schuyler, and William L. Langer. Those students of imperialism, whatever their purpose in writing, all saw a fundamental difference between the imperialist impulses of the mid- and late-Victorian eras. Langer perhaps best summarized the importance of making the distinction of late-nineteenth-century imperialism when he wrote in 1935: '[...] this period will stand out as the crucial epoch during which the nations of the western world extended their political, economic and cultural influence over Africa and over large parts of Asia ... in the larger sense the story is more than the story of rivalry between European imperialisms; it is the story of European aggression and advance in the non-European parts of the world.'
^Compare the three-wave account of European colonial/imperial expansion:Gilmartin, Mary (2009). "9: Colonialism/imperialism". In Gallaher, Carolyn; Dahlman, Carl T.; Gilmartin, Mary; Mountz, Alison; Shirlow, Peter (eds.). Key Concepts in Political Geography. Key Concepts in Human Geography. London: SAGE. p. 115. ISBN 9781446243541. Retrieved 9 August 2017. Commentators have identified three broad waves of European colonial and imperial expansion, connected with specific territories. The first targeted the Americas, North and South, as well as the Caribbean. The second focused on Asia, while the third wave extended European control into Africa.
In historical contexts, NewImperialism characterizes a period of colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan during the late...
Imperialism is the practice, theory or attitude of maintaining or extending power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both...
policies perpetuating American imperialism and expansionism are usually considered to have begun with "NewImperialism" in the late 19th century, though...
Cultural imperialism (also cultural colonialism) comprises the cultural dimensions of imperialism. The word "imperialism" describes practices in which...
Russian imperialism includes the policy and ideology of power exerted by Russia, as well as its antecedent states, over other countries and external territories...
Second Industrial Revolution led to what has been termed the era of NewImperialism, when the pace of colonization rapidly accelerated, the height of which...
Linguistic imperialism or language imperialism is occasionally defined as "the transfer of a dominant language to other people". This language "transfer"...
The theory of imperialism refers to a range of theoretical approaches to understanding the expansion of capitalism into new areas, the unequal development...
Imperialism in Asia may refer to: empires in Asia, see List of empires Achaemenid Empire Sasanian Empire Chinese Empire Maurya Empire Chola Empire Mongol...
The influence and imperialism of Western Europe and associated states (such as Russia, Japan, and the United States) peaked in Asian territories from...
2023-06-28. Retrieved 2020-11-21. Davis, Clarence B. (1982). "Financing Imperialism: British and American Bankers as Vectors of Imperial Expansion in China...
Culture and Imperialism is a 1993 collection of thematically related essays by Palestinian-American academic Edward Said, tracing the connection between...
the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1702–1707 Growing imperialism during the 19th century resulted in the occupation of much of Oceania...
Siam, and such is the object of my mission. The phenomenon denoted NewImperialism, saw the conquest of nearly all Southeast Asian territories by the...
mid-19th century through the states themselfs colonialism shifted under newimperialism to the use of free trade, reducing market restrictions or tariffs,...
most of Africa among seven Western European powers during the era of "NewImperialism" (1833–1914). In 1870, 10% of the continent was formally under European...
colonialism leading to the NewImperialism period, symbolized by the scramble for Africa, as the western powers sought new markets for their surplus accumulated...
United States) Newcastle (New South Wales, Australia) Gregory (Western Australia, Australia) Midget sub attack Sydney (New South Wales, Australia) Diego...
Chinese imperialism refers to the expansion of China's political, economic, and cultural influence beyond the boundaries of the People's Republic of China...
As a political term, social imperialism is the political ideology of people, parties, or nations that are, according to Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin,...
Green imperialism (also called eco-imperialism, eco-colonialism, or environmental imperialism) is a derogatory epithet alluding to what is perceived as...
exploitation.Neocolonialism takes the form of economic imperialism, globalization, cultural imperialism and conditional aid to influence or control a developing...
Media imperialism (sometimes referred to as cultural imperialism) is an area in the international political economy of communications research tradition...
the land, in establishing the pax Americana." With the rise of the NewImperialism in the Western hemisphere at the end of the 19th century, debates arose...
colonialism in Africa usually focuses on the European conquests of the NewImperialism and Scramble for Africa (1884–1914), followed by gradual decolonisation...