Global InformationMedia imperialism information
Media imperialism (sometimes referred to as cultural imperialism) is an area in the international political economy of communications research tradition that focuses on how "all Empires, in territorial or nonterritorial forms, rely upon communications technologies and mass media industries to expand and shore up their economic, geopolitical, and cultural influence."[1] In the main, most media imperialism research examines how the unequal relations of economic, military and cultural power between an imperialist country and those on the receiving end of its influence tend to be expressed and perpetuated by mass media and cultural industries.
In the 1970s, research on media imperialism was mainly concerned with the expansion of US-based news and entertainment corporations, business models, and products into postcolonial countries as related to the problems of communication and media sovereignty, national identity formation and democracy. In the 21st century, research on media imperialism probes the whole gamut of the media, for example, how an Empire's global economic, military and cultural expansion and legitimization is supported by "the news, telecommunications, film and TV, advertising and public relations, music, interactive games, and internet platforms and social media sites."[2]
For the past seventy years, media imperialism research has been undertaken by a wide range of international communication and media studies scholars, North and South.[3] Some of the key researchers in this area are: Oliver Boyd-Barrett,[2][4][5] Luis R. Beltrán and Elizabeth Fox,[6] Ariel Dorfman,[7] Thomas Guback,[8] Cees Hamelink,[9] Dal Yong Jin,[10][11] Armand Mattelart,[12][13] Robert W. McChesney,[14] Tom McPhail,[15] Toby Miller and Richard Maxwell,[16] Tanner Mirrlees,[1][2][17][18] David Morley,[19] Graham Murdock,[20] Kaarle Nordenstreng,[21] Herbert I. Schiller,[22][23][24][25] Dallas Smythe,[26] Colin Sparks,[27][28] Daya Thussu,[29][30] and Jeremy Tunstall.[31][32]
- ^ a b Mirrlees, Tanner (May 14, 2019). "Mass Media and Imperialism". The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism. pp. 1–17. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91206-6_122-1. ISBN 978-3-319-91206-6. S2CID 239083505. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ^ a b c Boyd-Barrett, Oliver; Mirrlees, Tanner (2020). Media Imperialism: Continuity and Change (1st ed.). New York: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-5381-2155-9.
- ^ Gómez García, Rodrigo; Birkinbine, Ben (2018-06-27), "Cultural Imperialism Theories", Communication, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/obo/9780199756841-0209, ISBN 978-0-19-975684-1, retrieved 2022-06-12
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Boyd-Barrett, Oliver (1977). Media imperialism: Towards an international framework for the analysis of media systems. London: Edward Arnold. ISBN 978-0-7131-5939-4.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Beltrán, Luis Ramiro (1980). Comunicación dominada : Estados Unidos en los medios de América Latina. Elizabeth Fox (1a ed.). México, D.F.: Instituto Latinoamericano de Estudios Transnacionales. ISBN 968-429-209-0. OCLC 7666987.
- ^ Dorfman, Ariel (1975). How to read Donald Duck : imperialist ideology in the Disney comic. Armand Mattelart. New York: International General. ISBN 0-88477-003-6. OCLC 1948361.
- ^ Guback, Thomas H. (1982). Transnational communication and cultural industries. Tapio Varis, José G. Cantor. Paris, France: UNESCO. ISBN 92-3-101882-5. OCLC 9429113.
- ^ Hamelink, Cees J. (1983). Cultural autonomy in global communications : planning national information policy. New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-28358-2. OCLC 8284005.
- ^ Jin, Dal Yong (2007). "Reinterpretation of cultural imperialism: emerging domestic market vs continuing US dominance". Media, Culture & Society. 29 (5): 753–771. doi:10.1177/0163443707080535. S2CID 220923787.
- ^ Jin, Dal Yong (2015). Digital Platforms, Imperialism and Political Culture (1st ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-09753-7.
- ^ Mattelart, Armand. (1976). "Cultural imperialism in the multinationals' age". Instant Research on Peace and Violence. 6 (4): 160–174. JSTOR 40724813.
- ^ Mattelart, Armand (1979). Multinational corporations and the control of culture: The ideological apparatuses of imperialism (1st ed.). Brighton: Harvester.
- ^ McChesney, Robert (2001). Global Media: The New Missionaries of Global Capitalism (1st ed.). London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-8264-5819-3.
- ^ McPhail, Thomas (2008). "eColonialism Theory: Hegemony and the Role of American Media". The Global Studies Journal. 1 (2): 45–54. doi:10.18848/1835-4432/CGP/v01i02/40822. ISSN 1835-4432.
- ^ Global Hollywood 2. Toby Miller. London: BFI Publishing. 2005. ISBN 1-84457-039-8. OCLC 60319186.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Mirrlees, Tanner (2013). Global Entertainment Media: Between Cultural Imperialism and Cultural Globalization (1st ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415519823.
- ^ Mirrlees, Tanner (2016). Hearts and Mines: The US Empire's Culture Industry (1st ed.). Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 9780774830157.
- ^ Media and cultural theory. James Curran, David Morley. London: Routledge. 2006. ISBN 978-0-203-50961-6. OCLC 191796922.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Murdock, Graham (2006-07-01). "Notes from the Number One Country". International Journal of Cultural Policy. 12 (2): 209–227. doi:10.1080/10286630600813727. ISSN 1028-6632. S2CID 142100032.
- ^ Nordenstreng, Kaarle (1974). Television traffic--a one-way street? A survey and analysis of the international flow of television programme material. Tapio Varis. [Paris]: Unesco. ISBN 92-3-101135-9. OCLC 980651.
- ^ Schiller, Herbert I. (1971). Mass communications and American empire. Boston [Mass.]: Beacon Books. ISBN 0-8070-6175-1. OCLC 152575045.
- ^ Schiller, Herbert I. (1976). Communication and cultural domination. White Plains, N.Y.: International Arts and Sciences Press. ISBN 0-87332-079-4. OCLC 2615596.
- ^ Schiller, Herbert I. (1992). Mass communications and American empire (2nd ed., updated ed.). Boulder: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-1439-9. OCLC 25874095.
- ^ Schiller, Herbert I. (2000). Living in the number one country : reflections from a critic of American empire (A Seven Stories Press 1st ed.). New York: Seven Stories Press. ISBN 1-58322-028-3. OCLC 43311688.
- ^ Smythe, Dallas Walker (1981). Dependency road : communications, capitalism, consciousness, and Canada. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Pub. Corp. ISBN 0-89391-088-0. OCLC 8176628.
- ^ Sparks, Colin (2007). Globalization, Development and the Mass Media. London. ISBN 978-1-4462-2889-0. OCLC 1062284137.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Sparks, Colin (2012). "Media and cultural imperialism reconsidered". Chinese Journal of Communication. 5 (3): 281–299. doi:10.1080/17544750.2012.701417. S2CID 144259442.
- ^ Electronic empires : global media and local resistance. Daya Kishan Thussu. London: Arnold. 1998. ISBN 0-340-71895-1. OCLC 39116555.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Thussu, Daya Kishan (2019). International communication : continuity and change (3rd ed.). London. ISBN 978-1-78093-265-1. OCLC 1056202306.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Tunstall, Jeremy (1977). The media are American : Anglo-American media in the world. London: Constable. ISBN 0-09-460260-3. OCLC 3143511.
- ^ Tunstall, Jeremy (2008). The media were American : U.S. mass media in decline. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518146-3. OCLC 77520509.