Physics apparatus which is designed to study neutrinos
The inside of the MiniBooNE neutrino detector
A neutrino detector is a physics apparatus which is designed to study neutrinos. Because neutrinos only weakly interact with other particles of matter, neutrino detectors must be very large to detect a significant number of neutrinos. Neutrino detectors are often built underground, to isolate the detector from cosmic rays and other background radiation.[1] The field of neutrino astronomy is still very much in its infancy – the only confirmed extraterrestrial sources as of 2018[update] are the Sun and the supernova 1987A in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud. Another likely source (three standard deviations[2]) is the blazar TXS 0506+056 about 3.7 billion light years away. Neutrino observatories will "give astronomers fresh eyes with which to study the universe".[3]
Various detection methods have been used. Super Kamiokande is a large volume of water surrounded by phototubes that watch for the Cherenkov radiation emitted when an incoming neutrino creates an electron or muon in the water. The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory was similar, but used heavy water as the detecting medium. Other detectors have consisted of large volumes of chlorine or gallium which are periodically checked for excesses of argon or germanium, respectively, which are created by neutrinos interacting with the original substance. MINOS used a solid plastic scintillator watched by phototubes; Borexino uses a liquid pseudocumene scintillator also watched by phototubes; and the NOνA detector uses a liquid scintillator watched by avalanche photodiodes.
The proposed acoustic detection of neutrinos via the thermoacoustic effect is the subject of dedicated studies done by the ANTARES, IceCube, and KM3NeT collaborations.
^Cite error: The named reference Chang-2005-04-26 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference IceCube2018a was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Sample-2011-01-23 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
A neutrinodetector is a physics apparatus which is designed to study neutrinos. Because neutrinos only weakly interact with other particles of matter...
cubic kilometre. Similar to its predecessor, the Antarctic Muon And NeutrinoDetector Array (AMANDA), IceCube consists of spherical optical sensors called...
produced in a beta decay reaction may interact in a distant detector as a muon or tau neutrino. The three mass values are not yet known as of 2024, but laboratory...
Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a neutrino experiment under construction, with a near detector at Fermilab and a far detector at the Sanford...
Scintillator NeutrinoDetector (LSND) was a scintillation counter at Los Alamos National Laboratory that measured the number of neutrinos being produced...
observing and studying neutrinos emitted by them with the help of neutrinodetectors in special Earth observatories. It is an emerging field in astroparticle...
Neutrino Observatory (SNO) was a neutrino observatory located 2100 m underground in Vale's Creighton Mine in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The detector was...
The Antarctic Muon And NeutrinoDetector Array (AMANDA) is a neutrino telescope located beneath the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station. In 2005, after nine...
Scattering and NeutrinoDetector (SND) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CERN, is an experiment built for the detection of the collider neutrinos. The primary...
A solar neutrino is a neutrino originating from nuclear fusion in the Sun's core, and is the most common type of neutrino passing through any source observed...
Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope (BDUNT) (Russian: Байкальский подводный нейтринный телескоп) is a neutrinodetector conducting research below...
(flavors) of neutrinos known in the Standard Model of particle physics, the Sun produces only electron neutrinos. When neutrinodetectors became sensitive...
Neutrino Observatory (SNO) in Sudbury, Ontario uses 1,000 tonnes of heavy water on loan from Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. The neutrinodetector is...
Super-Kamiokande far detector located 295 kilometres (183 mi) away in the city of Hida, Gifu prefecture. The properties and composition of the neutrino flux are first...
Cherenkov detector experiment at Fermilab designed to observe neutrino oscillations (BooNE is an acronym for the Booster Neutrino Experiment). A neutrino beam...
Sterile neutrinos (or inert neutrinos) are hypothetical particles (neutral leptons – neutrinos) that interact only via gravity and not via any of the other...
expected from a muon neutrino interaction. This search was performed using only the electronic detector components. To study these neutrino interactions in...
cosmic rays, and neutrinos. In July 2018, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory team traced a neutrino that hit its Antarctica-based detector in September 2017...
CALICE (Calorimeter for Linear Collider Experiment) Antarctic Muon And NeutrinoDetector Array (AMANDA) Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) Super-Kamiokande...
1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for his co-detection of the neutrino with Clyde Cowan in the neutrino experiment. He may be the only scientist in history "so...
all non-neutrinos produced, with no blind spots. The installation of all the above detector systems was finished in August 2008. The detectors collected...
to study neutrino-neutrino interactions. The only supernova neutrino event detected so far is SN 1987A. Nevertheless, with current detector sensitivities...
Čerenkov detector could be an ideal neutrinodetector, for several reasons. First, the enormous volume possible in a water Čerenkov detector can overcome...
evidence for neutrino oscillation has been collected from many sources, over a wide range of neutrino energies and with many different detector technologies...
the Mediterranean Sea. It hosts the next-generation neutrino telescope with water Cherenkov detectors. When completed, KM3NeT will have a total instrumented...
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