Neofunctionalization is the process by which a gene acquires a new function after a gene duplication event. The figure shows that once a gene duplication event has occurred one gene copy retains the original ancestral function (represented by the green paralog), while the other acquires mutations that allow it to diverge and develop a new function (represented by the blue paralog).
Neofunctionalization, one of the possible outcomes of functional divergence, occurs when one gene copy, or paralog, takes on a totally new function after a gene duplication event. Neofunctionalization is an adaptive mutation process; meaning one of the gene copies must mutate to develop a function that was not present in the ancestral gene.[1][2][3] In other words, one of the duplicates retains its original function, while the other accumulates molecular changes such that, in time, it can perform a different task.[4]
^Kleinjan DA, Bancewicz RM, Gautier P, Dahm R, Schonthaler HB, Damante G, et al. (February 2008). "Subfunctionalization of duplicated zebrafish pax6 genes by cis-regulatory divergence". PLOS Genetics. 4 (2): e29. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0040029. PMC 2242813. PMID 18282108.
^Rastogi S, Liberles DA (April 2005). "Subfunctionalization of duplicated genes as a transition state to neofunctionalization". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 5 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-5-28. PMC 1112588. PMID 15831095.
^Conrad B, Antonarakis SE (2007). "Gene duplication: a drive for phenotypic diversity and cause of human disease". Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics. 8: 17–35. doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.8.021307.110233. PMID 17386002.
^Ohno (1970). Evolution by Gene Duplication. New York, Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 59–87. ISBN 978-3-540-05225-8.
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structure or substrate and ligand affinity, as a result of neofunctionalization. Neofunctionalization is also commonly referred to as "mutation during non-functionality"...
is another contributing factor for survival and rapid adaptation/neofunctionalization of duplicate genes. Thus, a link seems to exist between gene regulation...
subject to neofunctionalization, the process in which a duplicated gene obtains a novel function. Polyploidy Paleopolyploidy Neofunctionalization Conant,...
that try to explain the mechanisms leading to divergence: The term neofunctionalization was first coined by Force et al. 1999, but it refers to the general...
al. Extreme anoxia tolerance in crucian carp and goldfish through neofunctionalization of duplicated genes creating a new ethanol-producing pyruvate decarboxylase...
and gene loss events. The duplication events provided material for neofunctionalization to create the novel toxin genes, while gene loss influenced speciation...
to extant species Domain loss has also been implicated in venom neofunctionalization. Investigation of the evolutionary history of viperid SVMP venom...
a single ANTP-class homeobox gene. Gene duplication followed by neofunctionalization is responsible for the many homeobox genes found in eukaryotes. Comparison...
product, then the duplicate may be retained as a redundant copy. Neofunctionalization is also a possibility: the duplicated copy acquires a mutation that...
functional divergence in genes are nonfunctionalization (or gene loss), neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization. During nonfunctionalization, or degeneration/gene...
independently mutable regions and possessed the ability to subfunctionalize. Neofunctionalization, where one paralogous copy derives a new function after gene duplication...
Rates of Protein-Coding Gene and Long Noncoding RNA Turnover and Neofunctionalization within Cucurbita". Molecular Plant. 12 (4): 506–520. doi:10.1016/j...
Rates of Protein-Coding Gene and Long Noncoding RNA Turnover and Neofunctionalization within Cucurbita". Molecular Plant. 12 (4): 506–520. doi:10.1016/j...
genes can then be co-opted by natural selection by a process called neofunctionalization. In other instances constructive neutral evolution does not promote...
with little selection pressure. The duplicated genes can undergo neofunctionalization or subfunctionalization which could help the organism adapt to the...
Ohno's model for the preservation of duplicate genes (now termed neofunctionalization) is ongoing and very active. He also discovered in 1956 that the...
where a paralog specializes one of several ancestral functions, or neofunctionalization, where a totally new functional capability evolves. It is thought...
(September 2010). "Honey bee thermal/chemical sensor, AmHsTRPA, reveals neofunctionalization and loss of transient receptor potential channel genes". The Journal...
Chen L (December 2010). "Evolution of an antifreeze protein by neofunctionalization under escape from adaptive conflict". Proceedings of the National...
originated around 300 million years ago by a tandem gene duplication and neofunctionalization of cystathionine β-lyase (CBS) shortly after the split of mammalian...
are subject to selective pressures, which suggests some have become neofunctionalized genes with new cellular functions. Retrotransposon gag-like-3 (RTL3/ZCCHC5/MART3)...
Rates of Protein-Coding Gene and Long Noncoding RNA Turnover and Neofunctionalization within Cucurbita". Molecular Plant. 12 (4): 506–520. doi:10.1016/j...
the antifreeze protein in L. dearborni provides a prime example of neofunctionalization after gene duplication. In the case of the Antarctic zoarcid fish...
Zámocký M, Margis-Pinheiro M (April 2021). "Ascorbate Peroxidase Neofunctionalization at the Origin of APX-R and APX-L: Evidence from Basal Archaeplastida"...
(2020-09-15). "Supergene evolution via stepwise duplications and neofunctionalization of a floral-organ identity gene". Proceedings of the National Academy...
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