Distyly is a type of heterostyly in which a plant demonstrates reciprocal herkogamy. This breeding system is characterized by two separate flower morphs, where individual plants produce flowers that either have long styles and short stamens (L-morph flowers), or that have short styles and long stamens (S-morph flowers).[1] However, distyly can refer to any plant that shows some degree of self-incompatibility and has two morphs if at least one of the following characteristics is true; there is a difference in style length, filament length, pollen size or shape, or the surface of the stigma.[2] Specifically these plants exhibit intra-morph self-incompatibility, flowers of the same style morph are incompatible.[3] Distylous species that do not exhibit true self-incompatibility generally show a bias towards inter-morph crosses - meaning they exhibit higher success rates when reproducing with an individual of the opposite morph.[4]
Diagram of both distylous morphsExample of distyly in Primula. A. L-morph (pin), B. S-morph (thrum) 1. petal. 2 sepal. 3 anther. 4 pistil.
^Lewis D (1942). "The Physiology of Incompatibility in Plants. I. The Effect of Temperature". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 131 (862): 13–26. Bibcode:1942RSPSB.131...13L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1942.0015. ISSN 0080-4649. JSTOR 82364. S2CID 84753102.
^Muenchow G (August 1982). "A loss-of-alleles model for the evolution of distyly". Heredity. 49 (1): 81–93. doi:10.1038/hdy.1982.67. ISSN 0018-067X.
^Barrett SC, Cruzan MB (1994). "Incompatibility in heterostylous plants". Genetic control of self-incompatibility and reproductive development in flowering plants. Advances in Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants. Vol. 2. Springer Netherlands. pp. 189–219. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1669-7_10. ISBN 978-90-481-4340-5.
^Shao JW, Wang HF, Fang SP, Conti E, Chen YJ, Zhu HM (June 2019). "Intraspecific variation of self-incompatibility in the distylous plant Primula merrilliana". AoB Plants. 11 (3): plz030. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plz030. PMC 6557196. PMID 32489575.
Distyly is a type of heterostyly in which a plant demonstrates reciprocal herkogamy. This breeding system is characterized by two separate flower morphs...
genus Eichhornia (Pontederiaceae). For example, Eichhornia azurea exhibits distyly, whereas another species in the same genus, Eichhornia crassipes, is tristylous...
hermaphroditism through gynodioecy but may also evolve through androdioecy, through distyly or through heterostyly. In the Asteraceae, dioecy may have evolved independently...
(and hence in the same plane). distinct Separate or free; not united. distyly The condition in which the flowers of a species occur in two forms that...
Premier Farnell's DesignLink". EE Times. Retrieved 2010-09-08. "CAD links to disty databases gain momentum". EE Times. Retrieved 2010-09-08. "Altium releases...
Reeves Episode: "Sins of Thy Father" 1976 The Disappearance of Aimee Asst. Disty. Atty. Joseph Ryan Television film 1976 Police Story Lewis Packer Episode:...
bank canal(Shahana Disty): length 5 miles (8.0 km) Capacity: 40 ft³/s (1.1 m³/s) Purpose: Irrigation Right bank canal (Ojri Disty) : length 1.5 miles...
It would be assumed that distyly would be the intermediate stage to tristyly but it has also been proposed that that distyly originated from tristyly...
herkogamy in Exochaenium (Gentianaceae): implications for the evolution of distyly". Annals of Botany. 112 (1): 95–102. doi:10.1093/aob/mct097. PMC 3690988...
heterotypic synonyms. Unlike other members of Turneroideae which exhibit distyly, E. odorata is a homostylous species. Its native range is Mexico to Central...
functions between the morphs. If pollinators promote the condition of distyly and asymmetric pollen flow over evolutionary time, it is plausible that...
Skiddles, Prickle, Al the Slug, Reducey-Risk Reindeer, Barry Bible, and Dobo Disty (aka Nintendobo). The theme of the show was that, in-between the scripted...
Oxalis alpina flowers are heterostylous and exhibit either tristyly or distyly depending on the population. Distylous populations likely evolved from...
Retrieved August 13, 2013. Paul Kunert (August 15, 2012). "EMC hands disties licence to assemble VSPEX: Tells resellers to build it themselves or get...
developer; PolytEDA, a developer of automated microcircuit design tools; KM-Disty, distributor of computer equipment and electronic components; KM-Labs, a...
of Piriqueta, see list below, have a unique reproductive system called distyly, in which, two floral morphs are present which differ in their placement...
Kalin Arroyo, Mary T.; Humaña, Ana María (March 1987). "An Unusual Kind of Distyly in Quinchamalium chilense (Santalaceae) on Volcan Casablanca, Southern...
aegypticum exhibit one of two different sets of characteristics, called distyly. This polymorphism is characterized by two different types of flowers:...
Berry, P. E., H. Tobe, & J. A. Gómez. 1991. Agamospermy and the loss of distyly in Erythroxylum undulatum Plowman (Erythroxylaceae) from northern Venezuela...
Scoring by quarter: 22–13, 15–25, 21–14, 14–12 Pts: El Ghannam 18 Rebs: El Ghannam 19 Asts: El Disty 2 Pts: Cox 19 Rebs: Cox, Ibrahim 7 Asts: El Sabagh 4...
Global Information
