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'Negative Approach to Urban Planning', also known as "reversed planning" or simply "negative planning" is a landscape urbanism approach to urban planning.[1][2][3][4] It is a new concept and terminology introduced by Chinese landscape architect, Professor of Peking University YU Kongjian[citation needed].[5][6] Yu argued that among other issues, the degrading environmental and ecological situations, low performance scrambled city form, and the loss of cultural identity in Beijing have proved that the conventional "population projection-urban infrastructure-land use" approach and the architectural urbanism approach to urban growth planning failed to meet the challenges of swift urbanisation and sustainability issues in China in general, and Beijing in particular[citation needed].[5] The negative approach defines an urban growth and urban form based on Ecological Infrastructure (EI).[7] This approach has evolved from the pre-scientific model of Feng-shui as the sacred landscape setting for human settlement, the nineteenth century notion of greenways as urban recreational infrastructure, the early twentieth century idea of green belts as urban form makers, and the late twentieth century notion of ecological networks and EI as a biological preservation framework. EI is composed of critical landscape elements and structure that are strategically identified as Landscape Security Patterns[8][9] to safeguard natural assets and ecosystems services, essential for sustaining human society. EI is strategically planned and developed using less land but more efficiently preserving the Ecosystem service. It distinguishes itself from other theories as it is practical way of solving urban and rural planning problems in quickly developing regions.[10][11]
^Yu, Kongjian; Wang, Sisi; Li, Dihua (2011-11-01). "The negative approach to urban growth planning of Beijing, China". Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 54 (9): 1209–1236. Bibcode:2011JEPM...54.1209Y. doi:10.1080/09640568.2011.564488. ISSN 0964-0568. S2CID 154705786.
^"On the "Negative Planning" –《City Planning Review》2005年09期". en.cnki.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
^"Theory, Application and Prospect of Negative Planning Approach". Landscape Architecture Frontiers. 4 (5): 18–29. 2016-11-28. ISSN 2096-336X.
^Yu, Kongjian (2011), "Ecological Infrastructure Leads the Way: The Negative Approach and Landscape Urbanism for Smart Preservation and Smart Growth", Applied Urban Ecology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 152–169, doi:10.1002/9781444345025.ch12, ISBN 978-1-4443-4502-5, retrieved 2021-12-01
^ abYu, Kongjian; Wang, Sisi; Li, Dihua (2011-11-01). "The negative approach to urban growth planning of Beijing, China". Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 54 (9): 1209–1236. Bibcode:2011JEPM...54.1209Y. doi:10.1080/09640568.2011.564488. ISSN 0964-0568. S2CID 154705786.
^"ON THE "NEGATIVE PLANNING"--《City Planning Review》2005年09期". en.cnki.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
^Yu, Kongjian (1996-10-01). "Security patterns and surface model in landscape ecological planning". Landscape and Urban Planning. 36 (1): 1–17. Bibcode:1996LUrbP..36....1Y. doi:10.1016/S0169-2046(96)00331-3. ISSN 0169-2046.
^Shearer, Allan W. (2019-10-29). "The Paradox of Security". Places Journal (2019). doi:10.22269/191029. S2CID 211317137.
^Fan, Xiaodong; Yang, Peifeng (June 2011). "The Survey on the "Negative Planning" mode of rural tourism planning". 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering. pp. 906–909. doi:10.1109/RSETE.2011.5964425. ISBN 978-1-4244-9172-8. S2CID 21513758.
^"THEORY, APPLICATION AND PROSPECT OF NEGATIVE PLANNING APPROACH". Landscape Architecture Frontiers. 4 (5): 18–29. 2016-11-28. ISSN 2096-336X.
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