Ice column formed when liquid groundwater rises into freezing air
Needle Ice forming in a pile of red clay soilNeedle ice pushing up soil particlesNeedle ice is formed of distinct, unconsolidated strands
Needle ice is a needle-shaped column of ice formed by groundwater. Needle ice forms when the temperature of the soil is above 0 °C (32 °F) and the surface temperature of the air is below 0 °C (32 °F). Liquid water underground rises to the surface by capillary action, and then freezes and contributes to a growing needle-like ice column. The process usually occurs at night when the air temperature reaches its minimum.
The ice needles are typically a few centimetres long. While growing, they may lift or push away small soil particles. On sloped surfaces, needle ice may be a factor contributing to soil creep.[1][2]
Alternate names for needle ice are "frost pillars" ("Säuleneis" in German), "frost column", "Spew Ice", "Kammeis" (a German term meaning "comb ice"), "Stängeleis" (another German term referring to the stem-like structures), "shimobashira" (霜柱, a Japanese term meaning frost pillars), or "pipkrake" (from Swedish pipa (tube) and krake (weak, fine), coined in 1907 by Henrik Hesselman).[3]
The similar phenomena of frost flowers and hair ice can occur on living or dead plants, especially on wood.
^Isbell, D.: Needle Ice on Mt. Osceola Archived 2006-05-27 at the Wayback Machine, EPOD of July 10, 2005. URL last accessed 2007-12-07.
^Pidwirny, M.: Fundamentals of Physical Geography, 2nd ed., section 10(ag), Periglacial Processes and Landforms. URL last accessed 2007-12-07.
^Lawler, D. M.: "Some observations on needle ice", Weather, vol. 44, pp. 406–409; 1989.
Needleice is a needle-shaped column of ice formed by groundwater. Needleice forms when the temperature of the soil is above 0 °C (32 °F) and the surface...
well. For example, needleice, seen in cold soil, occurs via capillary action. The first major contributions to the study of needleice, or simply, frost...
may occur in mechanically refrigerated cold-storage buildings and ice rinks. Needleice is essentially frost heaving that occurs at the beginning of the...
frost crystals, frost feathers and two-dimensional ice plates on the cave walls and ceiling. Needleice: Infiltrating water that freezes within the bedrock...
also referred to as frost faces, ice castles, ice blossoms, or crystallofolia. Types of frost flowers include needleice, frost pillars, or frost columns...
melted ice may affect coastlines of other continents via rising sea levels. Candle ice (sometimes known as needleice) is a form of rotten ice that develops...
Porosimetry – Measurement and characterization of the porosity of a material Needleice – Ice column formed when liquid groundwater rises into freezing air Surface...
acicular crystals (needle-like) growing outward from the surface, snowflake-shaped crystals, or even large, knifelike blades of ice covering an object...
A needlestick injury is the penetration of the skin by a hypodermic needle or other sharp object that has been in contact with blood, tissue or other body...
phases of ice are all possible states of matter for water as a solid. Currently, twenty one phases, including both crystalline and amorphous ices, have been...
Rime ice forms when supercooled water droplets freeze onto surfaces. In the atmosphere, there are three basic types of rime ice: Soft rime forms when supercooled...
or "freezing drizzle". Frozen forms of precipitation include snow, iceneedles, ice pellets, hail, and graupel. Liquid precipitation Rainfall (including...
environment), while trace fossils like Radulichnus could not have been caused by needleice as Retallack has proposed. Ben Waggoner notes that the suggestion would...
times when the Moon is in quadrature, i.e. the first and third quarters. needleice negative tilt The angular displacement of a trough line such that the...
navigation and geographic orientation. It commonly consists of a magnetized needle or other element, such as a compass card or compass rose, which can pivot...
4..163N. doi:10.1139/e67-007. Mackay, J. R.; Mathews, W. H. (1974). "Needleice striped ground". Arctic and Alpine Research. 6 (1): 79–84. doi:10.2307/1550372...
Drift ice, also called brash ice, is sea ice that is not attached to the shoreline or any other fixed object (shoals, grounded icebergs, etc.). Unlike...
is formed. So-called "diamond dust", (METAR code IC) also known as iceneedles or ice crystals, forms at temperatures approaching −40 °C (−40 °F) due to...
(26 July 1999). "Jeff Lowe, Ice Climber". Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Retrieved 4 April 2010. Lowe, Jeff (1975). "Keeler Needle, East Face". American Alpine...
mistaken for a boy. She wields a castle-forged steel smallsword named "Needle" forged by Mikken the blacksmith of Winterfell, as a parting gift from her...
for ice crystals, from which combinations may occur, are needle, column, plate, and rime. Snow appears white in color despite being made of clear ice. This...
with various shapes, e.g. elliptical disks, dendrites, needles and of an irregular nature. Frazil ice forms during the winter in open-water reaches of rivers...
occurrence above 5,050 metres (16,570 ft). Other periglacial phenomena such as needleice are also encountered on the volcanic complex. Chachani, looking eastward...
glaciology, an ice cap is a mass of ice that covers less than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi) of land area (usually covering a highland area). Larger ice masses covering...
has produced replicas of the Stark family greatsword Ice (in two versions), Arya Stark's Needle, and Robert Baratheon's mighty warhammer. Dragonglass...
yin2-chên1; pronounced [pǎɪ.xǎʊ ǐn.ʈʂə́n]), also known as White Hair Silver Needle, is a white tea produced in Fujian Province in China. Amongst white teas...
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