Reconstructed Neanderthal skeleton, American Museum of Natural History
Neanderthal anatomy differed from modern humans in that they had a more robust build and distinctive morphological features, especially on the cranium, which gradually accumulated more derived aspects, particularly in certain isolated geographic regions. This robust build was an effective adaptation for Neanderthals, as they lived in the cold environments of Europe. In which they also had to operate in Europe's dense forest landscape that was extremely different from the environments of the African grassland plains that Homo sapiens adapted to with a different anatomical build.
Anatomical evidence suggests they were much stronger than modern humans[1] while they were 12-14cm shorter on average than post World War II Europeans, but as tall or slightly taller than Europeans of 20 KYA:[2] based on 45 long bones from at most 14 males and 7 females, height estimates using different methods yielded averages in the range of 164–168 cm (65–66 in) for males and 152 cm (60 in) for females.[2] Samples of 26 specimens in 2010 found an average weight of 78–83 kg (172–183 lb) for males and 63–66 kg (139–146 lb) for females,[3] giving a considerably higher average BMI than H. sapiens. A 2007 genetic study suggested some Neanderthals may have had red hair.[4][5]
Neanderthal teeth also serve as a point of recognition in their anatomy. This is because Neanderthal teeth illustrate non-primitive accounts, and different frequencies when in comparison to modern humans. The research behind Neanderthal teeth morphology shows that it is a unique characteristic and evolutionary trait specifically only found within Neanderthals.[6]
^"Neanderthal". BBC. Archived from the original on 31 May 2010. Retrieved 18 May 2009.
^ abHelmuth, H. (1998). "Body height, body mass and surface area of the Neandertals". Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie. 82 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1127/zma/82/1998/1 (inactive 9 March 2024). ISSN 0044-314X. JSTOR 25757530. PMID 9850627.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link)
^Froehle AW, Churchill SE (2009). "Energetic Competition Between Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans" (PDF). PaleoAnthropology: 96–116. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Neanderthalanatomy differed from modern humans in that they had a more robust build and distinctive morphological features, especially on the cranium...
Neanderthal extinction Neanderthals became extinct around 40,000 years ago. Hypotheses on the causes of the extinction include violence, transmission...
Neanderthals (/niˈændərˌtɑːl, neɪ-, -ˌθɑːl/ nee-AN-də(r)-TAHL, nay-, -THAHL; Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct group...
Genetic studies on Neanderthal ancient DNA became possible in the late 1990s. The Neanderthal genome project, established in 2006, presented the first...
Feldhofer 1 or Neanderthal 1 is the scientific name of the 40,000-year-old type specimen fossil of the species Homo neanderthalensis, discovered in August...
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and...
most complete post-cranial Neanderthal skeleton ever found and has played a major role in three debates on Neanderthalanatomy and behaviour, namely the...
The Neanderthal genome project is an effort of a group of scientists to sequence the Neanderthal genome, founded in July 2006. It was initiated by 454...
Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fish. It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts...
Almost everything about Neanderthal behaviour remains controversial. From their physiology, Neanderthals are presumed to have been omnivores, but animal...
after Amud 1 The skull displays many of the "classic" examples of Neanderthalanatomy, including a low, sloping forehead and large nasal openings.The teeth...
The Neanderthals in Gibraltar were among the first to be discovered by modern scientists and have been among the most well studied of their species according...
Southwest Asian Neanderthals were Neanderthals who lived in Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Palestine, Iraq, and Iran - the southernmost expanse of the...
This is a list of Neanderthal fossils. Remains of more than 300 European Neanderthals have been found. This is a list of the most notable. As of 2017...
Neanderthals, and sometimes also modern humans. Due to the strong divergence in dental anatomy, they may have split before characteristic Neanderthal...
This is a list of archeological sites where remains or tools of Neanderthals were found. Schmerling Caves, Engis Naulette Scladina Spy-sur-l'Orneau Veldwezelt-Hezerwater...
The Neanderthal Museum is a museum in Mettmann, Germany. It was established in 1996. Located at the site of the first Neanderthal man discovery in the...
Mountains in the Erbil Governorate of Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq. Neanderthal remains were discovered here in 1953, including Shanidar 1, who survived...
Neanderthals have been depicted in popular culture since the early 20th century. Early depictions conveyed and perpetuated notions of proverbially crude...
external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at...
included in the Neanderthal lineage, as "pre-Neanderthal" or "early Neanderthal", while the divergence time between the Neanderthal and modern lineages...
Krapina Neanderthal site, also known as Hušnjakovo Hill (Croatian: Hušnjakovo brdo) is a Paleolithic archaeological site located near Krapina, Croatia...
membrane-bound proteins like receptors and ion channels. In 2020, he identified Neanderthal genes that can influence how ill different people become after contracting...
modern humans (AMH) and Neanderthal specimens, many relating to the superior Neanderthal adaptation to cold environments. Neanderthal surface to volume ratio...
In Neanderthals, the apical tufts were expanded and more robust than in modern and early upper Paleolithic humans. A proposal that Neanderthal distal...
Boule studied and published in 1911 the first analysis of a complete Neanderthal specimen. The fossil discovered in La Chapelle-aux-Saints was an old...
discovered in Africa. Aside from the Sima de los Huesos collection and later Neanderthal and modern human samples, the excavation site has the most comprehensive...
Amud 1 is a nearly complete but poorly preserved adult Southwest Asian Neanderthal skeleton thought to be about 55,000 years old. It was discovered at Amud...
Global Information