O. Bar-Yosef, B. Arensburg, and Bernard Vandermeersch [fr]
Kebara 2 (or Kebara Mousterian Hominid 2, KMH2) is a 60,000 year-old Levantine Neanderthal mid-body male skeleton. It was discovered in 1983 by Ofer Bar-Yosef, Baruch Arensburg, and Bernard Vandermeersch in a Mousterian layer of Kebara Cave, Israel. To the excavators, its disposition suggested it had been deliberately buried,[1] though like every other putative Middle Palaeolithic intentional burial, this has been questioned.[2][3]
Kebara 2 is the most complete post-cranial Neanderthal skeleton ever found and has played a major role in three debates on Neanderthal anatomy and behaviour, namely the anatomical constraints of childbirth, their ability to speak, and the shape and size of their chests. The first of these debates it has helped settle, the second it has not, and the third it has sparked by questioning the barrel-shape that Neanderthal chests were thought to have since they were described by Hermann Schaaffhausen in 1858.
It is currently held at Tel Aviv University.
^Rak, Y.; Meignen, L.; Laville, H.; Goldberg, P.; Chech, M.; et al. (1983). "Découverte d'un squelette humain dans les niveaux moustériens de la grotte de Kebara (Israël)" [Discovery of a human skeleton in the Mousterian layers of Kebara Cave (Israel)]. Paléorient (in French). 9 (2): 53–54. doi:10.3406/paleo.1983.4341.
^Gargett, R.H. (1999). "Middle Palaeolithic burial is not a dead issue: the view from Qafzeh, Saint-Césaire, Kebara, Amud, and Dederiyeh". Journal of Human Evolution. 37 (1): 27–90. doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0301. PMID 10375476.
^Gargett, R.H. (1989). "Grave Shortcomings: The Evidence for Neandertal Burial". Current Anthropology. 30 (2): 157–190. doi:10.1086/203725. S2CID 146781901.
Kebara2 (or Kebara Mousterian Hominid 2, KMH2) is a 60,000 year-old Levantine Neanderthal mid-body male skeleton. It was discovered in 1983 by Ofer Bar-Yosef...
Stekelis, was an incomplete infant skeleton (Kebara 1). The most significant discovery made at Kebara Cave was Kebara2 in 1982, the most complete postcranial...
of Kebara2 was estimated to have been 9.04 L (2.39 US gal), compared to the average human capacity of 6 L (1.6 US gal) for males and 4.7 L (1.2 US gal)...
'Old Man'), the femur (La Ferrassie 1), fibulae (La Ferrassie 2 and Tabun 1), spine (Kebara2) and skull (Shanidar I, Krapina, Sala 1). These fractures are...
until 1983, when excavators discovered a well-preserved one on Neanderthal Kebara2, Israel. It was largely similar to that of living humans. Although the...
form of symbolic language. The discovery in 1989 of the (Neanderthal) Kebara2 hyoid bone suggests that Neanderthals may have been anatomically capable...
ISBN 978-0-521-08141-2.. Johanson, Donald & Wong, Kate. Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Three Rivers Press (2009). ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2 Jones, Steve;...
and 7 were skull, teeth and partial skeleton, all fragmentary. Shanidar 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 were found as individual burials while the other remains were...
diseases, including lupus, biliary cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, type 2 diabetes, and SARS-CoV-2. The Neanderthal allele of MC1R (a gene with mutations linked...
ancient DNA and stable isotopes". Journal of Archaeological Science. 36 (2): 473–490. Bibcode:2009JArSc..36..473G. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.09.033. Fa...
the difference between humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos at just about 1.0–1.2% again.) Additionally, in 2010, the discovery and analysis of mtDNA from the...
Gibraltar 2, also known as Devil's Tower Child, represented five skull fragments of a male Neanderthal child discovered in the British Overseas Territory...
of a 1- to 2-year-old Neanderthal child - Mezmaiskaya 2 - were found in 1994. A recovered tooth was assigned to Mezmaiskaya 3. Mezmaiskaya 2 was recovered...
remains from Kebara Cave (Mount Carmel). The place of the Kebara hominids in the Levantine Mousterian fossil record". Paléorient. 29 (2): 35–62. doi:10...
were already largely established at birth. Two new reconstructions of the Kebara2 pelvis are presented by Adegboyega et al. (2020), who evaluate the implications...
Engis 2 refers to part of an assemblage, discovered in 1829 by Dutch physician and naturalist Philippe-Charles Schmerling in the lower of the Schmerling...
Devil's Tower, very close to Forbes' Quarry. This fossil, known as Gibraltar 2, is much less complete than the Gibraltar 1 skull and has been identified...
Muzej revolucije u Krapini 8. svibnja 1975". Informatica Museologica. 7 (1–2): 1–2. Retrieved 18 January 2021. Radovčić, Jakov; Kovačić, Željko (2002). "KAKO...
Huxley, a future supporter of Darwin's theory of evolution, saw in the Engis 2 fossil a "man of low degree of civilization". He interpreted the discoveries...
of Gibraltar 1 Neanderthal skull discovered at Forbes' Quarry. Engis 2 Gibraltar 2 Neanderthal Neanderthal 1 List of fossil sites (with link directory)...
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