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National Protection War
Date
25 December 1915 – 14 July 1916
Location
South and Southwest China
Result
Republican victory
Belligerents
Empire of China
Republic of China
Yunnan clique
Guizhou clique
Old Guangxi clique
Commanders and leaders
Yuan Shikai
Zhang Jingyao
Ma Jizeng [zh]
Cao Kun
Feng Yuxiang
Lu Jianzhang
Cai E
Tang Jiyao
Liang Qichao
Li Liejun
Lu Rongting
Feng Guozhang
Strength
700,000+
200,000+
v
t
e
National Protection War
Xuzhou
Battle of Zhijiang in Huang County [zh]
Battle of Qijiang [zh]
Battle of Luzhou [zh]
Battle of Mayang [zh]
Battle of Jiangyin [zh]
Battle of Wugang Hengyang [zh]
The National Protection War (simplified Chinese: 护国战争; traditional Chinese: 護國戰爭; pinyin: Hù guó zhànzhēng), also known as the Anti-Monarchy War, was a civil war that took place in China between 1915 and 1916. Following the overthrow of the Qing dynasty three years previously, the Republic of China was established in its place. The war was caused by President Yuan Shikai's proclamation of the Empire of China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor.
In Yunnan, military leaders, including Tang Jiyao, Cai E and Li Liejun, declared their independence and launched military expeditions against Yuan Shikai. Yuan's Beiyang Army experienced several defeats and fractured, which led other provinces in the south to declare independence as well. Eventually, under immense pressure from the entire nation, Yuan Shikai was forced to abdicate. He resumed his rule as President and died a few months later.
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