The National Independent Political League (NIPL) was an American political organization that sought racial and social justice in the early 20th century.[1] Considered a militant group, NIPL was founded by William Monroe Trotter in 1908 as the NationalNegro American Political League and operated until around 1920 as the National Independent Equal Rights League. In contrast to its more successful contemporary, the NAACP, NIPL was led and funded by African Americans.[2] Historian Mark Schneider notes that NIPL "foreshadowed the militant organizations of the 1950s and 1960s that bypassed the NAACP."[3]
^"William Monroe Trotter Challenges President Wilson". The White House Historical Association. Retrieved 2024-02-12.
^Schneider, Mark (January 21, 1997). Boston Confronts Jim Crow, 1890-1920. Boston: Northeastern University Press. pp. 118–121. ISBN 978-1-55553-296-3 – via Project Muse.
^Schneider, Mark (1997). Boston Confronts Jim Crow, 1890-1920. Boston: Northeastern University Press. ISBN 978-1-55553-296-3.
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