Period in the history of the Republic of China from 1927 to 1937
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Nanjing decade" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(May 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Chart of Chinese progress from a US wartime pamphletThe Bund in Shanghai in the 1930s
The Nanjing decade (also Nanking decade, Chinese: 南京十年; pinyin: Nánjīng shí nián, or the Golden decade, Chinese: 黃金十年; pinyin: Huángjīn shí nián) is an informal name for the decade from 1927 (or 1928) to 1937 in the Republic of China. It began when Nationalist Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek took Nanjing from Zhili clique warlord Sun Chuanfang halfway through the Northern Expedition in 1927. Chiang declared it to be the national capital despite the existence of a left-wing Nationalist government in Wuhan. The Wuhan faction gave in and the Northern Expedition continued until the Beiyang government in Beijing was overthrown in 1928. The decade ended with the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and the retreat of the Nationalist government to Wuhan. GDP growth averaged 3.9 per cent a year from 1929 to 1941 and per capita GDP about 1.8 per cent.[1] Historians view the decade as a period of Chinese conservatism.[2][3][4]
Nanjing was of symbolic and strategic importance. The Ming dynasty had made Nanjing a capital, the republic had been established there in 1912, and Sun Yat-sen's provisional government had been there. Sun's body was brought and placed in a grand mausoleum to cement Chiang's legitimacy. Chiang was born in nearby Zhejiang and the general area had strong popular support for him.
The Nanjing decade was marked by both progress and frustration. The period was far more stable than the preceding Warlord Era. There was enough stability to allow economic growth and the start of ambitious government projects, some of which were taken up again by the new government of the People's Republic after 1949. Nationalist foreign service officers negotiated diplomatic recognition from Western governments and began to unravel the unequal treaties. Entrepreneurs, educators, lawyers, doctors, and other professionals were more free to create modern institutions than at any earlier time. However, the Nationalist government also suppressed dissent, corruption and nepotism were rampant and revolts broke out in several provinces; internal conflicts also perpetuated within the government. The Nationalists were never able to fully pacify the Chinese Communist Party, and struggled to address the widespread unrest and protests over their failure to check Japanese aggression.
^Maddison, A. (1998). Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run. Paris: OECD Development Centre.
^Xu, Aymeric (2020). "Mapping Conservatism of the Republican Era: Genesis and Typologies". Journal of Chinese History 中國歷史學刊. 4 (1): 135–159. doi:10.1017/jch.2019.35. ISSN 2059-1632. S2CID 213926138.
^Tsui, Brian (2018-04-19). China's Conservative Revolution: The Quest for a New Order, 1927–1949. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-16923-3.
^Tsui, Brian Kai Hin (2013). China's Forgotten Revolution: Radical Conservatism in Action, 1927-1949 (Thesis). ProQuest 1271956595.
The Nanjingdecade (also Nanking decade, Chinese: 南京十年; pinyin: Nánjīng shí nián, or the Golden decade, Chinese: 黃金十年; pinyin: Huángjīn shí nián) is an...
Chinese Civil War (1927–49), with central authority strongest during the NanjingDecade (1927–37), when most of China came under the control of the Kuomintang...
(footnote 8 on p. 70) Dryburgh, Marjorie E (1993). "Song Zheyuan, the Nanjing government and the north china question in Sino-Japanese relations, 1935-1937"...
Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. The city has 11 districts, an administrative area of 6,600 km2 (2,500 sq mi), and a population...
Tower of Nanjing, part of the former Great Bao'en Temple, is a historical site located on the south bank of external Qinhuai River in Nanjing, China. It...
subordinate political organs that were under the Central Political councils in Nanjing; in reality these were autonomous political bodies with their own military...
Taiyuan Arsenal (Chinese: 太原兵工廠) was established by the Shanxi warlord, Yan Xishan who had become the Governor-General of Shanxi province in 1912. From...
considerable political influence during the tumultuous early years of the NanjingDecade. The Japanese invaded Manchuria in 1931 and forced the Northeastern...
China through the Northern Expedition, marking the beginning of the Nanjingdecade. However, several of the warlords continued to maintain their influence...
The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (simplified Chinese: 南京长江大桥; traditional Chinese: 南京長江大橋; pinyin: Nánjīng Chángjiāng Dàqiáo), previously called the First...
Nanjing University (NJU) is a public university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated and sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The university...
Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders is a museum to memorialize those that were killed in the Nanjing Massacre by the Imperial...
right-wing civilian-military regime at Nanjing, which would remain the Kuomintang capital for the next decade. The Comintern cause appeared bankrupt....
Nanjing Lukou International Airport (IATA: NKG, ICAO: ZSNJ) is an international airport serving Nanjing, the capital of East China’s Jiangsu province...
concluded successfully and China was reunified, heralding the start of the Nanjingdecade. In the 1920s, the Beiyang government based in Beijing was internationally...
The Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly romanized as Nanking) was the mass murder of Chinese civilians in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic...
Northern Expedition with the Northeast Flag Replacement, beginning the "Nanjingdecade". However, "residual warlords" continued to exist into the 1930s under...
the Nanjingdecade. After the Northern Expedition in 1928, the Nationalist government under the KMT declared that China had been exploited for decades under...
The Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA, 南京航空航天大学) is a public university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry...
Nanjing Fuzimiao (Chinese: 南京夫子庙) or Fuzimiao (Chinese: 夫子庙; lit. 'Confucian Temple'), is a Confucius Temple and former site of imperial examination hall...
capital in Nanjing, whose authority was maintained till the full-scale outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. Known as the NanjingDecade, the government...
The City Wall of Nanjing (Chinese: 南京城墙; pinyin: Nánjīng chéngqiáng) was designed by the Hongwu Emperor (1328–1398) after he founded the Ming Dynasty...
The Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST; 南京理工大学) is a provincial public university in Xuanwu, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated...
Chinese: 中國四大古都; pinyin: Zhōngguó Sì Dà Gǔ Dū). The four are Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang and Xi'an (Chang'an). Sorted in alphabetical order Acheng District...
Global Information
