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Naloxone is an opioid antagonist: a medication used to reverse or reduce the effects of opioids.[13] For example, it is used to restore breathing after an opioid overdose.[13] Effects begin within two minutes when given intravenously, five minutes when injected into a muscle,[13] and ten minutes as a nasal spray.[14] Naloxone blocks the effects of opioids for 30 to 90 minutes.[15]
Administration to opioid-dependent individuals may cause symptoms of opioid withdrawal, including restlessness, agitation, nausea, vomiting, a fast heart rate, and sweating.[13] To prevent this, small doses every few minutes can be given until the desired effect is reached.[13] In those with previous heart disease or taking medications that negatively affect the heart, further heart problems have occurred.[13] It appears to be safe in pregnancy, after having been given to a limited number of women.[16] Naloxone is a non-selective and competitive opioid receptor antagonist.[6][17] It works by reversing the depression of the central nervous system and respiratory system caused by opioids.[13]
Naloxone was patented in 1961 and approved for opioid overdose in the United States in 1971.[18][19] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[20] Naloxone is available as a generic medication.[13][21]
^"Naloxone Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 2 September 2019. Archived from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
^Lenton SR, Dietze PM, Jauncey M (March 2016). "Australia reschedules naloxone for opioid overdose". The Medical Journal of Australia. 204 (4): 146–147. doi:10.5694/mja15.01181. PMID 26937664. S2CID 9320372. Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
^Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
^"Frequently Asked Questions: Access to naloxone in Canada (including Narcan Nasal Spray)". Health Canada. 6 July 2016. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
^"Naloxone 400 micrograms/ml solution for Injection/Infusion – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 6 February 2019. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
^ abCite error: The named reference Narcan FDA label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Evzio- naloxone hydrochloride injection, solution". DailyMed. 1 February 2018. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
^"Zimhi- naloxone hydrochloride injection, solution". DailyMed. 29 September 2022. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
^Cite error: The named reference Kloxxado FDA label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"NDA 208411/S-006 Supplemental Approval letter" (PDF). U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
^"RiVive: Naloxone HCl Nasal Spray 3 mg Emergency Treatment of Opioid Overdose" (PDF). Front Actuator (nasal spray device) Label. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
^Ryan SA, Dunne RB (May 2018). "Pharmacokinetic properties of intranasal and injectable formulations of naloxone for community use: a systematic review". Pain Management. 8 (3): 231–245. doi:10.2217/pmt-2017-0060. PMID 29683378.
^ abcdefghijk"Naloxone Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
^McDonald R, Lorch U, Woodward J, Bosse B, Dooner H, Mundin G, et al. (March 2018). "Pharmacokinetics of concentrated naloxone nasal spray for opioid overdose reversal: Phase I healthy volunteer study". Addiction. 113 (3): 484–493. doi:10.1111/add.14033. PMC 5836974. PMID 29143400.
^"Naloxone DrugFacts". National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1 June 2021. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
^"Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Australian Government. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
^Cite error: The named reference NHM-Naloxone pharmacology was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Yardley W (14 December 2013). "Jack Fishman Dies at 83; Saved Many From Overdose". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
^US patent 3493657, Jack Fishman & Mozes Juda Lewenstein, "Therapeutic compositions of n-allyl-14-hydroxy - dihydronormorphinane and morphine", published 1970-02-03, issued 1970-02-03, assigned to Mozes Juda Lewenstein Archived 7 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^"Competitive Generic Therapy Approvals". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 29 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist: a medication used to reverse or reduce the effects of opioids. For example, it is used to restore breathing after an...
the risk of hypoxia. Naloxone is then recommended to those who cannot reverse the opioid's effects through breathing. Giving naloxone via nasal administration...
buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone) is usually prescribed to discourage misuse by injection. However, more recently the efficacy of naloxone in preventing...
of naloxone and training on its utilization are estimated to have prevented 10,000 opioid overdose deaths. Healthcare institution-based naloxone prescription...
available in a fixed combination with naloxone for oral administration (Valoron N and generics); the mixture of naloxone is claimed to lower the abuse liability...
also be useful to prevent relapse. Naloxone is useful for treating an opioid overdose and giving those at risk naloxone to take home is beneficial. In 2020...
medical use in 1964. Usually, in its oral formulations, it is combined with naloxone so as to prevent people from crushing the tablets, dissolving them in a...
spray, though other forms of naloxone are administered intravenously. For example, the FDA has approved Evzio as a naloxone auto-injector, which includes...
such as hydrocodone, oxycodone and fentanyl; antagonist drugs such as naloxone; and endogenous peptides such as endorphins. The terms opiate and narcotic...
receptor antagonist that acts on one or more of the opioid receptors. Naloxone and naltrexone are commonly used opioid antagonist drugs which are competitive...
IV), flumazenil (0.2 mg IV), naloxone (2 mg IV), and thiamine (100 mg IV). It has been suggested that the use of naloxone and flumazenil be administered...
products are also available with paracetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen, naloxone, naltrexone, and aspirin. Common side effects include euphoria, constipation...
hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone and oxymorphone, and the opioid antagonist naloxone. The physiological behavior of morphinans (naturally occurring and semi-synthetic...
closely related to naloxone. It exists in two isomeric forms, α-naloxol and β-naloxol. α-naloxol is a human metabolite of naloxone. Synthetically, α-naloxol...
long-term remission rates were similar to those seen in clinical buprenorphine/naloxone administration. Consequence of relapse when weighting best course of treatment...
carfentanil, including overdose, can be reversed by the opioid antagonists naloxone and naltrexone, though higher doses than usual may be necessary compared...
are frequently used in the hospital setting and these are naloxone and flumazenil. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist and reverses the central nervous depressive...
[dead link] Naloxone is a drug used to counter an overdose from the effect of opioids; for example, a heroin or morphine overdose. Naloxone displaces the...
carfentanil. Reversing a gray death overdose may require multiple doses of naloxone. By contrast, an overdose from morphine or from high-purity heroin would...
buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone. A heroin overdose may be treated with naloxone. An estimated 17 million people as of 2015[update] use opiates, of which...
cocaine and heroin) can synergistically exacerbate fentanyl's side effects. Naloxone (also known as Narcan) can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose; however...
and sells inhalation and intranasal products. One of its products is naloxone, an injectable generic drug that treats opioid overdose, and the company...
administration of naloxone, circumstances that warrant calling 911 for assistance with an opioid overdose, and contraindications of naloxone. Instructions...
case study suggests that the antidote to dextromethorphan overdose is naloxone, administered intravenously. In addition to producing PCP-like mental effects...