Natural trumpet, dates to ancient/medieval periods, straight tube with a bell
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Nafir
Moroccan brass nafīr. Length 110 centimeters, before 1978.
Brass instrument
Other names
būq al-nafīr[1]nefir (Turkish spelling)
Classification
Brass
Hornbostel–Sachs classification
423.121 (Natural trumpets – There are no means of changing the pitch apart from the player's lips; end-blown trumpets – The mouth-hole faces the axis of the trumpet.)
Inventor(s)
Earliest known are Egyptian. Greek and Etruscan trumpets from antiquity passed through Romans to Persians. Possibly a Middle East Assyrian tradition as well.
Developed
Persian Empire and Arab conquerors spread instrument to India, China, Malaysia, Africa and Andalusia. Wars between Europe and Islamic powers brought horn to Europe. Europeans changed horn by bending it into compact forms, which reinfluenced Islamic world.
Related instruments
Straight tube
Añafil
Buisine
Buki
Carnyx
Chazozra
Holztrompete
Kakaki
Karnay
Karnal
Lituus
Salpinx
Sheneb
Tibetan horn
Wazza
Bent tube
Bugle
Clarion (European)
Boru (Turkish)
Fanfare trumpet
Kombu
Slide trumpet
Sringa
Narsinga
Baroque trumpet
Sound sample
Nafir (Arabic نَفير, DMG an-nafīr), also nfīr, plural anfār, Turkish nefir, is a slender shrill-sounding straight natural trumpet with a cylindrical tube and a conical metal bell, producing one or two notes. It was used as a military signaling instrument and as a ceremonial instrument in countries shaped by Islamic culture in North Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. In Ottoman, Persian and Mugulin miniatures, the nafīr is depicted in battle scenes. In Christian culture, it displaced or was played alongside of the curved tuba or horn, as seen in artwork of about the 14th century A.D.
Similar straight signal trumpets have been known since ancient Egyptian times and among the Assyrians and Etruscans. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the straight-tubed Roman tuba, continued to flourish in the Middle East among the Sassanids and their Arabic successors. The Saracens, whose long metal trumpets greatly impressed the Christian armies at the time of the Crusades, were ultimately responsible for reintroducing the instrument to Europe after a lapse of six hundred years. The straight trumpet type, called añafil in Spanish, also entered medieval Europe via medieval al-Andalus.
From the Middle Ages to the early 20th century, the nafīr and the straight or S-curved, conical metal trumpet kārna belonged to the Persian military bands and representative orchestras (naqqāra-khāna), which were played in Iran, India (called naubat) and were common as far as the Malay Archipelago (nobat).[2] In the later Ottoman military bands (mehterhâne), the straight nafīr was distinguished from the twisted trumpet boru in which the straight tube was bent into a loop, influenced by such European instruments as the clarion.
The instruments retain ceremonial functions today in Morocco (nafīr played in the month of Ramadan), Nigeria (kakaki played in Ramadan), and Malaysia (as a representative instrument of the sultanates the silver nafiri in the nobat orchestra). Its cousin the Karnay is similarly used in Iran, Tajikistan Uzbekistan and Rajistan, and the Karnal in Nepal.
^Cite error: The named reference GroveBuq was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Geeti Sen (1 January 1979). "Music and Musical Instruments in the Paintings of the Akbar Nama". Library Artifacts. 8 (4). the paintings of the Akbar Nama...these illustrations confirm the fact that the naqqarakhana was intended to refer to a musicians' gallery, assigned to a specific place in Mughal architecture...[pages 2-3]...to indicate the ritual progression of time through the hours of a day [page 1]...scenes of court festivity. Rites of births and marriage are invariably accompanied with a specific role assigned to the musicians of the naqqarakhana [page 4]...these same instruments of royalty were carried into the battlefield
Nafir (Arabic نَفير, DMG an-nafīr), also nfīr, plural anfār, Turkish nefir, is a slender shrill-sounding straight natural trumpet with a cylindrical tube...
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See also the Africa section of: Nafir The kakaki is a three- to four-metre-long metal trumpet used in Hausa, Yoruba, and Nupe traditional ceremonial music...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...
brass instruments in general (horns and trumpets), in medieval Arabic texts nafīr predominantly referred to a slender, cylindrical, shrill-sounding metal...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...
(instrument) Donali Doudouk Dozaleh Garmon Karna Ney-anbān Sorna Historical Nafir 19th century C.E. Qajar Iran scene with women playing ney (flute), tar (lute)...
while Iran, Korea and China sport similar traditional instruments (karnay, nafir, nabal and laba in the latter three). Beginning in the late Middle Ages...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...
usage. Among those were the Al-Quds, Al-Munadi, Falastin, Al-Karmil and Al-Nafir newspapers, which used the term "Filastini" more than 170 times in 110 articles...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...
or signature of the Sultan put on his decrees, letters and documents. Al-Nafir al-Am النفير العام General emergency declared during war Amir أمير Prince...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...
naker from naqareh, adufe from al-duff, alboka from al-buq, anafil from al-nafir, exabeba from al-shabbaba (flute), atabal (bass drum) from al-tabl, atambal...
Angular harp History of the harpsichord History of lute-family instruments Nafir Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries History of the trumpet...