Fungal members of the plankton communities of aquatic ecosystems
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Mycoplankton are saprotrophic members of the plankton communities of marine and freshwater ecosystems.[1][2] They are composed of filamentous free-living fungi and yeasts that are associated with planktonic particles or phytoplankton.[3] Similar to bacterioplankton, these aquatic fungi play a significant role in heterotrophicmineralization and nutrient cycling.[4] Mycoplankton can be up to 20 mm in diameter and over 50 mm in length.[5]
In a typical milliliter of seawater, there are approximately 103 to 104 fungal cells.[6] This number is greater in coastal ecosystems and estuaries due to nutritional runoff from terrestrial communities. Aquatic fungi are found in a myriad of ecosystems, from mangroves, to wetlands, to the open ocean.[7] The greatest diversity and number of species of mycoplankton is found in surface waters (< 1000 m), and the vertical profile depends on the abundance of phytoplankton.[8][9] Furthermore, this difference in distribution may vary between seasons due to nutrient availability.[10] Aquatic fungi survive in a constant oxygen deficient environment, and therefore depend on oxygen diffusion by turbulence and oxygen generated by photosynthetic organisms.[11]
^Jones EG, Hyde KD, Pang KL, eds. (2014-08-27). Freshwater Fungi: and Fungal-like Organisms. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-033348-0.
^Jones EG, Hyde KD, Pang KL (2012-08-31). Marine Fungi: and Fungal-like Organisms. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-026406-7.
^Wang X, Singh P, Gao Z, Zhang X, Johnson ZI, Wang G (2014-07-03). "Distribution and diversity of planktonic fungi in the West Pacific Warm Pool". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e101523. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j1523W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101523. PMC 4081592. PMID 24992154.
^Raghukumar C, ed. (2012). "Biology of Marine Fungi". Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology. 53. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23342-5. ISBN 978-3-642-23341-8. ISSN 0079-6484. S2CID 39378040.
^Damare S, Raghukumar C (July 2008). "Fungi and macroaggregation in deep-sea sediments". Microbial Ecology. 56 (1): 168–177. Bibcode:2008MicEc..56..168D. doi:10.1007/s00248-007-9334-y. PMID 17994287. S2CID 21288251.
^Kubanek J, Jensen PR, Keifer PA, Sullards MC, Collins DO, Fenical W (June 2003). "Seaweed resistance to microbial attack: a targeted chemical defense against marine fungi". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (12): 6916–6921. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6916K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1131855100. PMC 165804. PMID 12756301.
^Jobard M, Rasconi S, Sime-Ngando T (2010-06-01). "Diversity and functions of microscopic fungi: a missing component in pelagic food webs". Aquatic Sciences. 72 (3): 255–268. Bibcode:2010AqSci..72..255J. doi:10.1007/s00027-010-0133-z. ISSN 1420-9055. S2CID 36789070.
^Gao Z, Johnson ZI, Wang G (January 2010). "Molecular characterization of the spatial diversity and novel lineages of mycoplankton in Hawaiian coastal waters". The ISME Journal. 4 (1): 111–120. Bibcode:2010ISMEJ...4..111G. doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.87. PMID 19641535. S2CID 2395339.
^Panzer K, Yilmaz P, Weiß M, Reich L, Richter M, Wiese J, et al. (2015-07-30). "Identification of Habitat-Specific Biomes of Aquatic Fungal Communities Using a Comprehensive Nearly Full-Length 18S rRNA Dataset Enriched with Contextual Data". PLOS ONE. 10 (7): e0134377. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1034377P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134377. PMC 4520555. PMID 26226014.
^"First record of flamentous fungi in the coastal upwelling ecosystem off central Chile". Gayana (Concepción). 68 (2). 2004. doi:10.4067/s0717-65382004000200001. ISSN 0717-6538.
^Sridhar KR (2009). Aquatic fungi – Are they planktonic? Plankton Dynamics of Indian Waters. Jaipur, India: Pratiksha Publications. pp. 133–148.
Mycoplankton are saprotrophic members of the plankton communities of marine and freshwater ecosystems. They are composed of filamentous free-living fungi...
animals, such as fish, crustaceans, and annelids, are included here. Mycoplankton include fungi and fungus-like organisms, which, like bacterioplankton...
range of unusual secondary metabolites is produced by marine fungi. Mycoplankton are saprotropic members of the plankton communities of marine and freshwater...
range of unusual secondary metabolites is produced by marine fungi. Mycoplankton are saprotropic members of the plankton communities of marine and freshwater...