Multiferroics are defined as materials that exhibit more than one of the primary ferroic properties in the same phase:[1]
ferromagnetism – a magnetisation that is switchable by an applied magnetic field
ferroelectricity – an electric polarisation that is switchable by an applied electric field
ferroelasticity – a deformation that is switchable by an applied stress
While ferroelectric ferroelastics and ferromagnetic ferroelastics are formally multiferroics, these days the term is usually used to describe the magnetoelectric multiferroics that are simultaneously ferromagnetic and ferroelectric.[1] Sometimes the definition is expanded to include nonprimary order parameters, such as antiferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism. In addition, other types of primary order, such as ferroic arrangements of magnetoelectric multipoles[2] of which ferrotoroidicity[3] is an example, were proposed.
Besides scientific interest in their physical properties, multiferroics have potential for applications as actuators, switches, magnetic field sensors and new types of electronic memory devices.[4]
^Spaldin, Nicola A.; Fiebig, Manfred; Mostovoy, Maxim (2008). "The toroidal moment in condensed-matter physics and its relation to the magnetoelectric effect" (PDF). Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 20 (43): 434203. Bibcode:2008JPCM...20Q4203S. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/20/43/434203. S2CID 53455483.
^Ederer, Claude; Spaldin, Nicola A. (2007). "Towards a microscopic theory of toroidal moments in bulk periodic crystals" (PDF). Physical Review B. 76 (21): 214404. arXiv:0706.1974. Bibcode:2007PhRvB..76u4404E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.76.214404. hdl:2262/31370. S2CID 55003368.
^Ramesh, R.; Spaldin, Nicola A. (2007). "Multiferroics: progress and prospects in thin films". Nature Materials. 6 (1): 21–29. Bibcode:2007NatMa...6...21R. doi:10.1038/nmat1805. ISSN 1476-4660. PMID 17199122.
ferroelastics are formally multiferroics, these days the term is usually used to describe the magnetoelectric multiferroics that are simultaneously ferromagnetic...
explains the magnetoelectric effects in a class of materials termed multiferroics. The discovery of antisymmetric exchange originated in the early 20th...
Materials that are both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic are known as multiferroics. When most materials are electrically polarized, the polarization induced...
solid oxide fuel cells, plasmonics and photonics, ferroelectric and multiferroics, radiation tolerance materials, and bulk structural metals and ceramics...
materials science at ETH Zurich, known for her pioneering research on multiferroics. A native of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England, Spaldin earned a Bachelor...
systems; the analogous effects in insulators fall into the field of multiferroics. Spintronics fundamentally differs from traditional electronics in that...
confirmed experimentally was Cr2O3. This is a single-phase material. Multiferroics are another example of single-phase materials that can exhibit a general...
Under this project, he was particularly interested in synthesizing multiferroics based on manganese oxides. He guided Andrew E. Smith, the first graduate...
(2015). "Some current problems in perovskite nano-ferroelectrics and multiferroics: Kinetically-limited systems of finite lateral size". Science and Technology...
(BaFe12O19), a ferrimagnetic ceramic material Bismuth ferrite, a promising multiferroic material Calcium aluminoferrite, Ca2(Al,Fe)2O5, a mineral found in cements...
element by using a multiferroic material using its magnetoelectric effect. For instance, a current carrying coil wound around a multiferroic material will...
therefore a challenge to develop ferromagnetic insulators, especially multiferroic materials, which are both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric. A number of...
2010. In 2014 she founded the biannual Gordon Research Conference on Multiferroics and Magnetoelectric materials. In 2017, she was elected as a Fellow...
study of materials with new and unique properties. Examples include multiferroic materials, and superlattices that allow the study of quantum phenomena...
extensively in the fields of high temperature superconductors, ferroics and multiferroics, ionics, and semiconductors. She holds several licensed patents. Driscoll...
phase transitions, in various magnets, alloys, adsorbates, polytypes, multiferroics, and other solids. Further possible applications range from modeling...
"Using Aluminum-26 as a Clock for Early Solar System Events." PSR Discoveries. September 2002 Accessed December, 2007 Optical properties of multiferroics...
complex oxides with an intrinsic property such as ferroelectricity or multiferroicity. The magnetization state of a MTJ can be controlled by Spin-transfer...
Russian theoretical physicist, known for his research on "magnetism, multiferroics, one-dimensional conductors, liquid crystals, van der Waals forces,...
high-temperature superconductivity, Mott transition, colossal magnetoresistance, Multiferroics, and magnetic skyrmions. Tokura was born in Nishiwaki, Hyōgo, Japan...
Salamanca-Riba. Her Ph.D. research was on the growth and characterization of multiferroic thin film nanostructures. After completing her doctorate, Zheng was appointed...
sub-Angstrom resolution. She is best known for her work on room temperature multiferroics. These materials are desirable in the electronics industry because they...
Yue-Li, Z. (2013). "Optical Study of Sol-gel Processed Nd-doped BiFeO3 Multiferroic Films by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry". Ferroelectrics. 454 (1): 78–83...
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