Historical polities in present-day Myanmar and Thailand
History of Myanmar
Prehistory of Myanmar 11,000–200 BCE
Pyu city-states 200 BCE – 1050 CE
(Sri Ksetra Kingdom, Tagaung Kingdom)
Mon kingdoms 825?–1057? CE
(Thaton Kingdom)
Arakanese kingdoms 788?–1406
Pagan Kingdom 849–1297
Early Pagan Kingdom 849–1044
Warring states period
Upper Myanmar 1297–1555
Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1365
Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1365
Kingdom of Ava 1365–1555
Prome Kingdom 1482–1542
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552
Shan States 1215–1563
Kingdom of Mrauk U 1429–1785
Toungoo dynasty 1510–1752
First Toungoo Empire 1510–1599
Nyaungyan Restoration 1599–1752
Restored Hanthawaddy 1740–1757
Konbaung dynasty 1752–1885
British colonial period 1824–1948
Anglo-Burmese Wars 1824–1885
Resistance movement 1885–1895
Nationalist movement 1900–1948
Japanese occupation 1942–1945
Modern era 1948–present
AFPFL government 1948–1962
Ne Win dictatorship 1962–1988
SLORC / SPDC junta 1988–2010
Political reforms 2011–2015
SAC junta 2021–present
Timeline
List of capitals
Leaders
Royal chronicles
Military history
Military rule
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Mon kingdoms were polities established by the Mon-speaking people in parts of present-day Myanmar and Thailand. The polities ranged from Dvaravati and Haripuñjaya in present-day northern Thailand to Thaton, Hanthawaddy (1287–1539), and the Restored Hanthawaddy (1740–1757) in southern Myanmar.
Monkingdoms were polities established by the Mon-speaking people in parts of present-day Myanmar and Thailand. The polities ranged from Dvaravati and...
valley—not only in the Monkingdoms of the lower Irrawaddy but also of the upriver Pagan Kingdom of the Bamar people. Mon, especially written Mon, continued to...
of the 11th century AD. One of many Monkingdoms that existed in modern-day Lower Burma and Thailand, the kingdom was essentially a city-state centered...
new kingdoms. These, too, eventually came under pressure from new ethnic groups arriving from the north. Lower Burma, including what is now Mon State...
Mon had founded at least two small kingdoms (or large city-states) centred around Bago and Thaton. The earliest external reference to a Monkingdom in...
of Hindu cosmology. Monkingdoms: From the 9th century until the abrupt end of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom in 1539, the Monkingdoms (Dvaravati, Hariphunchai...
populated by the Mon. Politically, the area was controlled by Monkingdoms prior to 1057, and after 1057, with few exceptions, by Burman kingdoms from the north...
major kingdoms that existed in the present day Burma (Myanmar). Although Burmese chronicle tradition maintains that various monarchies of Burma (Mon, Burman...
the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Monkingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper...
population of 172,923 in 2019. Although once a part of the Monkingdoms, Pathein has few ethnic Mon residents today. The majority are of Bamar with a significant...
imposition of overlordship from the neighbouring kingdoms of the Mon, Tai Shans and Manipuris. The kingdom was divided into provinces called myo (မြို့)...
Yangon Regions), as well as coastal regions of the country (Rakhine and Mon States and Tanintharyi Region). In the Burmese language, people originating...
Bangladesh. Myanmar gained its independence on 4 January 1948 from the United Kingdom under the leadership of General Aung San of the National Army. In July...
and extended by successor kingdoms—not only by the Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom but also by the Mon-speaking Hanthawaddy Kingdom and Shan-speaking Shan states...
empire when Cambodia absorbed the various Buddhist traditions of the Monkingdoms of Dvaravati and Haripunchai. For the first thousand years of Khmer history...
Queen Chama Thevi as the capital of the Haripunchai Kingdom, the last and most northerly Monkingdom in the area which now forms Thailand.: 77 Around 25 km...
(Myanmar) from 1365 to 1555. Founded in 1365, the kingdom was the successor state to the petty kingdoms of Myinsaing, Pinya and Sagaing that had ruled central...
Burma from 1740 to 1757. The kingdom grew out of a rebellion by the Mon led population of Pegu, who then rallied the other Mon as well as Delta Bama and...
boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. The Hanthawaddy Kingdom (Mon: ဍုၚ် ဟံသာဝတဳ, [hɔŋsawətɔe]listen; Burmese: ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်; also...
Records of the Three Kingdoms, along with Pei Songzhi's later annotations of the text. While relatively short, the Three Kingdoms period has been romanticised...
of central Burma. In 1740, the Mon people in Lower Burma began a rebellion, founding the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. The Hanthawaddy armies captured...
Dieu et mon droit (French pronunciation: [djø e mɔ̃ dʁwa], Old French: Deu et mon droit), which means 'God and my right', is the motto of the monarch...
formed the Anti-Fascist Organisation in August 1944, which asked the United Kingdom to form a coalition with the other Allies against the Japanese. By April...
January 1943, with the condition that Burma declare war on the United Kingdom and the United States. The Japanese government felt that this would give...