Molar ionization energies of the elements information
Table of molar ionization energies for the chemical elements
These tables list values of molar ionization energies, measured in kJ⋅mol−1. This is the energy per mole necessary to remove electrons from gaseous atoms or atomic ions. The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms. The second, third, etc., molar ionization energy applies to the further removal of an electron from a singly, doubly, etc., charged ion. For ionization energies measured in the unit eV, see Ionization energies of the elements (data page). All data from rutherfordium onwards is predicted.
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ofmolarionizationenergies, measured in kJ⋅mol−1. This is theenergy per mole necessary to remove electrons from gaseous atoms or atomic ions. The first...
in higher ionizationenergies. The term ionization potential is an older and obsolete term for ionizationenergy, because the oldest method of measuring...
ionization is electron ionization (EI). Soft ionization refers to the processes which impart little residual energy onto the subject molecule and as...
coined the term "radioactivity" to define the emission ofionizing radiation by some heavy elements. (Later the term was generalized to all elements.) Their...
are held constant, and the number of particles is expressed in moles, the chemical potential is the partial molar Gibbs free energy. At chemical equilibrium...
197300121. Matsumoto, Paul S (2005). "Trends in IonizationEnergyof Transition-Metal Elements". Journal of Chemical Education. 82 (11): 1660. Bibcode:2005JChEd...
used three criteria to describe the six elements commonly recognised as metalloids: metalloids have ionizationenergies around 200 kcal/mol (837 kJ/mol)...
or acid-ionization constant; denoted K a {\displaystyle K_{a}} ) is a quantitative measure ofthe strength of an acid in solution. It is the equilibrium...
effects, unlike the 3p, 4p, and 5p subshells of heavier elements. As a result, ionizationenergies and electronegativities among these elements are higher...
supplied energy must also provide the change in internal energy, U , which includes activation energies, ionizationenergies, mixing energies, vaporization...
Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties ofthe Rare Earth Metals which further refers to: Beaudry...
IELi, the first ionizationenergyof gaseous lithium. B(F–F), the standard enthalpy of atomization (or bond energy) of fluorine gas. EAF, the electron...
entity that can be envisaged to retain the chemical properties ofthe element, such as electronegativity, ionization potential, preferred oxidation state(s)...
mechanics, the equipartition theorem relates the temperature of a system to its average energies. The equipartition theorem is also known as the law of equipartition...
ionization constant of 101.4, and mixtures with water at all proportions are liquid at room temperature. However, perchloric acid has an ionization constant...
Handbook ofthe physicochemical properties oftheelements, IFI-Plenum, New York, USA, 1968. As quoted from various sources in an online version of: David...
dissociated into free atoms, and ionization where (depending on theionization potential ofthe analyte atoms and theenergy available in a particular flame)...
plot of relative abundance against mass-to-charge ratio. It is commonly used for the identification of organic compounds from electron ionization mass...
critical elementsof nuclear weapons. Uranium and thorium also have diverse current or historical uses, and americium is used in theionization chambers of most...