The mode of reproduction in birds combines internal fertilisation with oviparous development. Here a Montagu's harrier chick has just hatched from its egg.
Animals make use of a variety of modes of reproduction to produce their young. Traditionally this variety was classified into three modes, oviparity (embryos in eggs), viviparity (young born live), and ovoviviparity (intermediate between the first two).
However, each of those so-called traditional modes covered a wide range of diverse reproductive strategies. The biologist Thierry Lodé has accordingly proposed five modes of reproduction based on the relationship between the zygote (the fertilised egg) and the parents. His revised modes are ovuliparity, with external fertilisation; oviparity, with internal fertilisation of large eggs containing a substantial nutritive yolk; ovo-viviparity, that is oviparity where the zygotes are retained for a time in a parent's body, but without any sort of feeding by the parent; histotrophic viviparity, where the zygotes develop in the female's oviducts, but are fed on other tissues; and hemotrophic viviparity, where the developing embryos are fed by the mother, often through a placenta.
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Animals make use of a variety ofmodesofreproduction to produce their young. Traditionally this variety was classified into three modes, oviparity (embryos...
recently divided the traditional category of oviparous reproduction into two modes that are distinguished on the basis of the relationship between the zygote...
Five modesofreproduction have been differentiated in animals based on relations between zygote and parents. The five include two nonviviparous modes: ovuliparity...
There are two forms ofreproduction: asexual and sexual. In asexual reproduction, an organism can reproduce without the involvement of another organism....
contributed much to our understanding of meiosis and reproduction. However, beyond the few model systems, the modesofreproduction found in invertebrates show...
γένεσις, génesis, 'creation') is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of an embryo occur directly from an egg, without...
explained the idea of phylogenetic inertia based on his observations; he spoke about it when explaining the "Law of Conditions of Existence". Darwin also...
young of ovoviviparous amphibians are sometimes born as larvae, and undergo metamorphosis outside the body of the mother. Modesofreproduction include...
continuum of possible modesofreproduction. Many organisms considered to be semelparous can, under certain conditions, separate their single bout of reproduction...
on the modeofreproductionof crops, which include: Self-fertilization, where pollen from a plant will fertilise reproductive cells or ovules of the same...
this generation time is significantly extended. Besides the asexual reproductionmode, under certain conditions (e.g. nutritional stress) Z. bailii produces...
ofreproduction where eggs develop without fertilization, resulting in unisexual species. This phenomenon is closely related with reproductive modes such...
Packard, Gary C. (1966). "The Influence of Ambient Temperature and Aridity on ModesofReproduction and Excretion of Amniote Vertebrates". The American Naturalist...
titles of many international, peer-reviewed, scientific articles on fish, e.g. Consistent with this definition, there are several modesofreproduction in...
incidency of multiple births. However, the veracity of such claims, in light of mechanisms of human reproduction, remain dubious. It is said to possess aphrodisiac...
Volvox, one of the 7 Wonders of the Micro World by Wim van Egmond, from Microscopy-UK Volvox carteri at MetaMicrobe.com, with modesofreproduction, brief...
and digest it. The modes of reproduction for siphonophores vary among the different species, and to this day, several modes remain unknown. Generally,...
Nouvelle-Calédonie. ORSTOM Éditions, Paris. Breder, C. M. and D. E. Rosen 1966 Modesofreproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p...
(1999-03-07). "Fitness of Alternative ModesofReproduction: Developmental Constraints and the Evolutionary Maintenance of Sex". Proceedings: Biological...
Pietsch, T.W. (2005). Dimorphism, parasitism, and sex revisited: modesofreproduction among deep-sea ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes)...
these layers in 2023. Nematodes as a whole possess a wide range ofmodesofreproduction. Some nematodes, such as Heterorhabditis spp., undergo a process...
Parthenogenesis is a modeof asexual reproduction in which offspring are produced by females without the genetic contribution of a male. Among all the...
helminths. This modeofreproduction is characterized by high offspring output, which, in the case of the parasitic tapeworms, is of great significance...
pilus.[full citation needed] It is a parasexual modeofreproduction in bacteria. It is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer as are transformation and...
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