Models of communication are simplified representations of the process of communication. Most models try to describe both verbal and non-verbal communication and often understand it as an exchange of messages. Their function is to give a compact overview of the complex process of communication. This helps researchers formulate hypotheses, apply communication-related concepts to real-world cases, and test predictions. Despite their usefulness, many models are criticized based on the claim that they are too simple because they leave out essential aspects. The components and their interactions are usually presented in the form of a diagram. Some basic components and interactions reappear in many of the models. They include the idea that a sender encodes information in the form of a message and sends it to a receiver through a channel. The receiver needs to decode the message to understand the initial idea and provides some form of feedback. In both cases, noise may interfere and distort the message.
Models of communication are classified depending on their intended applications and on how they conceptualize the process. General models apply to all forms of communication while specialized models restrict themselves to specific forms, like mass communication. Linear transmission models understand communication as a one-way process in which a sender transmits an idea to a receiver. Interaction models include a feedback loop through which the receiver responds after getting the message. Transaction models see sending and responding as simultaneous activities. They hold that meaning is created in this process and does not exist prior to it. Constitutive and constructionist models stress that communication is a basic phenomenon responsible for how people understand and experience reality. Interpersonal models describe communicative exchanges with other people. They contrast with intrapersonal models, which discuss communication with oneself. Models of non-human communication describe communication among other species. Further types include encoding-decoding models, hypodermic models, and relational models.
The problem of communication was already discussed in Ancient Greece but the field of communication studies only developed into a separate research discipline in the middle of the 20th century. All early models were linear transmission models, like Lasswell's model, the Shannon–Weaver model, Gerbner's model, and Berlo's model. For many purposes, they were later replaced by interaction models, like Schramm's model. Beginning in the 1970s, transactional models of communication, like Barnlund's model, were proposed to overcome the limitations of interaction models. They constitute the origin of further developments in the form of constitutive models.
^Fujishin 2009, p. 8.
and 20 Related for: Models of communication information
Modelsofcommunication are simplified representations of the process ofcommunication. Most models try to describe both verbal and non-verbal communication...
included and whether communication not only transmits meaning but also creates it. Modelsofcommunication are simplified overviews of its main components...
communication theory is the development ofmodels and concepts used to describe communication. In the Linear Model, communication works in one direction: a sender...
Nonviolent Communication (NVC) is an approach to enhanced communication, understanding, and connection based on the principles of nonviolence and humanistic...
in modelsofcommunication: in terms of reaching and determining the target audience of a means ofcommunication, whether individual communication, group...
Business communication is communication that is intended to help a business achieve a fundamental goal, through information sharing between employees as...
Both models suggest that the public is vulnerable to the messages shot at them because of the limited communication tools and the studies of the media's...
Nonverbal communication (NVC) is the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact (oculesics), body language (kinesics)...
forms, the study of mass communication has extended to include social media and new media, which both have stronger feedback models than traditional media...
by means of the propaganda modelofcommunication. The title refers to consent of the governed, and derives from the phrase "the manufacture of consent"...
2019-03-07. "Shannon and Weaver ModelofCommunication". McQuail, Denis; Windahl, Swen (1993). Communicationmodels : for the study of mass communications (2nd ed...
Process CommunicationModel may refer to: Concepts in the field of concurrent computing, a form of computing in which several computations are executing...
Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people. It is also an area of research that seeks to understand how humans...
Visual communication is the use of visual elements to convey ideas and information which include (but are not limited to) signs, typography, drawing,...
Development communication refers to the use ofcommunication to facilitate social development. Development communication engages stakeholders and policy...
of power. Communication can range from very subtle processes of exchange to full conversations and mass communication. The history ofcommunication itself...
International communication (also referred to as the study of global communication or transnational communication) is the communication practice that...
its plural form, is the transmission of information with an immediacy comparable to face-to-face communication. As such, slow communications technologies...
Communication studies or communication science is an academic discipline that deals with processes of human communication and behavior, patterns of communication...
other major communicationmodelsof the time, such as the Shannon-Weaver and Lasswell modelsofcommunication. The map communicationmodel led to a whole...