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Mischief Reef, also known as Panganiban Reef[1] (Filipino: Bahura ng Panganiban; Vietnamese: Đá Vành Khăn; Mandarin Chinese: 美濟礁/美济礁; pinyin: Měijì Jiāo; lit. 'Meiji Reef'), is a low tide elevation (LTE) reef/atoll surrounding a large lagoon in the SE of Dangerous Ground in the east of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. It is located 250 kilometres (130 nmi) west of Palawan Island of the Philippines. Administratively, it belonged to the Kalayaan Islands municipality of the province of Palawan.[2] It is also under the de facto jurisdiction of Nansha islands, Sansha City, Hainan province, China. Activities by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the mid-2010s have created a large artificial island on the atoll including an approximately 2,700-metre (8,900 ft) runway and associated airfield.
Although the reef is well within the Philippines' exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and traditional fishing grounds, Mischief Reef has been controlled by the PRC since 1995, and is also claimed by the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Vietnam. The PRC performed various reclamation activities in at least two locations on the rim of the atoll in the period from 1995 to 2013. However, from the end of 2013 to the end of 2016 a large artificial island of 1,379 acres (558 ha) was created around the majority of the lagoon's perimeter.[3]
The reef was the subject of a 2016 tribunal ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague, where the landmark ruling the nine-dash line as moot and without basis. Mischief Reef was also ruled as a low tide elevation (LTE) meaning it cannot possess a territorial 12 mile-boundary regardless of the reclamation and a military base installation by the PRC. Their moves only heightened the tension with the Philippines, resulting to a massive defense acquisition of this archipelagic nation.
The area is said[4] to be rich in as of yet unexplored oil and gas fields.[5]
^"The battle for Mischief Reef". Warfighter.org. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
^"Map of Mischief reef". Wikimapia. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
^Mischief Reef Tracker, amti.csis.org
^Raman, B (1999). Chinese Territorial Assertions: The Case of the Mischief Reef. Chennai, India: Institute For Topical Studies. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
^Meyer, Lt Col. Stanley E (1996). Incident at Mischief reef : Implications for The Philippines, China and The United States(PDF). Pennsylvania, USA: US Army war college, Carlisle barracks. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
MischiefReef, also known as Panganiban Reef (Filipino: Bahura ng Panganiban; Vietnamese: Đá Vành Khăn; Mandarin Chinese: 美濟礁/美济礁; pinyin: Měijì Jiāo;...
Panganiban Reef (MischiefReef) in 1995 (See MischiefReef for further discussion). In 1999, Malaysia occupied Gabriela Silang Reef (Erica Reef) and Pawikan...
Cross Reef, MischiefReef and Subi Reef. Aside from geo-political tensions, concerns have been raised about the environmental impact on fragile reef ecosystems...
Second Thomas Shoal, and the PRC-occupied MischiefReef. Subsequent to the Chinese occupation of MischiefReef in the mid-1990s, a Philippine World War...
1994, China had a similar confrontation by asserting its ownership of MischiefReef, which was inside the claimed EEZ of the Philippines. However, the Philippines...
Spratly Islands, a group of islands and associated "maritime features" (reefs, banks, and cays etc.) located in the South China Sea. The dispute is characterized...
Cross Reef has been armed with anti-aircraft weapons and a CIWS missile-defense system. Great wall of sand MischiefReef Nine-dash line Subi Reef "Fiery...
Philippine flag was raised in the area. When China built their facilities on MischiefReef within the Philippine EEZ in 1995, then National Security Advisor Jose...
Reef, and after the clash, China occupied the Johnson Reef. In 1994, the PRC occupied MischiefReef, located some 250 miles from the Philippine coast. Occupation...
(Taiwan), Vietnam, Malaysia, and Brunei. Balabac is close to Panganiban Reef (MischiefReef), which the mainland Chinese government occupied in 1995 and subsequently...
on Swallow Reef vary. The PRC land reclamations have continued on a total of seven sites. In 2015, Subi Reef, Hughes Reef and MischiefReef were added...
ratified the UNCLOS III, in the case of and Johnson South Reef, Hughes Reef, MischiefReef, the PRC dredged sand for free in the EEZ the Philippines had...
passenger jet of Hainan Airlines on July 13, 2016. Fiery Cross Reef Great wall of sand MischiefReef Nine-dotted line Atoll Area, Depth and Rainfall: Zhubi Anda...
submerged coral reefs. Note that, according PRC, in the Spratly Islands area, the definition of "island" is applied very liberally to reefs and artificial...
and 50 ships near Mischief, Fiery Cross, and Subi reefs. The NTF-WPS also noted the presence of four Chinese Navy ships at MischiefReef. The Philippine...
aircraft fly to Chinese-claimed islands, one each landing at MischiefReef and Subi Reef. Both departing later in the day. An airstrike on a market in...
arises after the Chinese construction of a military outpost at the MischiefReef on 1995. As a response, the Philippine Navy dispatched the BRP Sierra...
in 1995 when the AFP published photographs of Chinese structures on MischiefReef in the Spratlys. Initial attempts to improve the capabilities of the...
of Flat island, and 73 nautical miles (135 km; 84 mi) north of MischiefReef. The reef is one of three martnamed after Thomas Gilbert, the captain of...
in the American Midwest Měijì, Hanyu Pinyin for the Chinese name of MischiefReef (美济礁) Meij (disambiguation) Meji, Indian ceremonial bonfire This disambiguation...
August 2011 and February 2015 8 April – China has been transforming MischiefReef into an island since January. According to UNCLOS, artificial islands...
Philippines, Bãi Suối Ngà in Vietnam, and 信义礁 in China, is an uninhabited reef/atoll located 29 nautical miles (54 km; 33 mi) south of Second Thomas Shoal...
Force in several occasions, including during tensions with China in the MischiefReef in 1995. Origin: United States A sole ship of its class designed and...
claims. It took control of the Paracel Islands in 1974, Johnson Reef in 1988, MischiefReef in 1995, and Scarborough Shoal in 2012. China has installed military...
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