Most minerals on Earth formed after photosynthesis by cyanobacteria (pictured) began adding oxygen to the atmosphere.
Mineral evolution is a recent hypothesis that provides historical context to mineralogy. It postulates that mineralogy on planets and moons becomes increasingly complex as a result of changes in the physical, chemical and biological environment. In the Solar System, the number of mineral species has grown from about a dozen to over 5400 as a result of three processes: separation and concentration of elements; greater ranges of temperature and pressure coupled with the action of volatiles; and new chemical pathways provided by living organisms.
On Earth, there were three eras of mineral evolution. The birth of the Sun and formation of asteroids and planets increased the number of minerals to about 250. Repeated reworking of the crust and mantle through processes such as partial melting and plate tectonics increased the total to about 1500. The remaining minerals, more than two-thirds of the total, were the result of chemical changes mediated by living organisms, with the largest increase occurring after the Great Oxygenation Event.
Mineralevolution is a recent hypothesis that provides historical context to mineralogy. It postulates that mineralogy on planets and moons becomes increasingly...
optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification...
displaying mineral specimens Mineralevolution – Increasing mineral diversity over time Mineral (nutrient), also known as dietary mineral – Chemical element...
"Microbes drove Earth's mineralevolution". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2008.1226. Bradley, D. C. (23 December 2014). "Mineralevolution and Earth history"....
each planet; thus when mineralevolution ends on the first planet and it proceeds on to vegetable evolution, then mineralevolution begins on the second...
have started with a non-mineralized exoskeleton which they later mineralized, it is difficult to comment on the very early evolution of each lineage's exoskeleton...
whether there is mineral balance or not, and the location of the calcification. Calcification may also refer to the processes of normal mineral deposition in...
hexafluorosilicate [SiF6]2−.Most commonly, silicates are encountered as silicate minerals. For diverse manufacturing, technological, and artistic needs, silicates...
diatomaceous earth is 80–90% silica, with 2–4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals), and 0.5–2% iron oxide. Diatomaceous earth consists of the fossilized...
greatly increases its toughness, making it almost as strong as silicon. The mineral–organic interface results in enhanced resilience and strength of the organic...
inside of an animal, overlaid by soft tissues and usually composed of mineralized tissue. Endoskeletons serve as structural support against gravity and...
examples of mineralized tissues. These tissues have been finely tuned to enhance their mechanical capabilities over millions of years of evolution. Thus, mineralized...
the process by which living organisms produce minerals, often resulting in hardened or stiffened mineralized tissues. It is an extremely widespread phenomenon:...
explanations for the appearance of the SSFs – and therefore the evolution of mineralized skeletons – suggested a sudden increase in the ocean's concentration...
Downs, R. T.; Kah, L.; Sverjensky, D. (13 February 2013). "Carbon MineralEvolution". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 75 (1): 79–107. Bibcode:2013RvMG...
An organic mineral is an organic compound in mineral form. An organic compound is any compound containing carbon, aside from some simple ones discovered...
published in 1858. Coccoliths are composed of calcium carbonate as the mineral calcite and are the main constituent of chalk deposits such as the white...
microfossils found in isolation and now called conodont elements. The evolution of mineralized tissues has been a puzzle for more than a century. It has been...
published a paper, "Mineralevolution", in which they explored the history of mineral formation and found that the diversity of minerals has changed over...
(84 elements, if plutonium and the Atomic Age are included). The mineralevolution in the geologic time context were discussed and summarised by Arkadii...
doi:10.1016/S1631-0713(03)00004-X Bradley, D. C. (23 December 2014). "Mineralevolution and Earth history". American Mineralogist. 100 (1): 4–5. Bibcode:2015AmMin...
Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates (e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4), sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline...
such as minerals or hardened proteins. This happens in parts of the body where there is a need for rigidity or elasticity. Typically the mineral crystals...
of the shell, and Hox1 and Hox4 have been implicated in the onset of mineralization. In gastropod embryos, Hox1 is expressed where the shell is being accreted;...
biomineralization is a controlled process and leads to the production of mineral–organic composite materials that considerably differ in shape and material...
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