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Middle Devonian
393.3 ± 1.2 – 382.7 ± 1.6 Ma
PreꞒ
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O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Chronology
−420 —
–
−415 —
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−410 —
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−405 —
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−400 —
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−395 —
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−390 —
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−385 —
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−380 —
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−375 —
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−370 —
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−365 —
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−360 —
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Paleozoic
S
Devonian
C
Mississippian
Přídolí
Early
Mid
Late
Early M
Lochkovian
Pragian
Emsian
Eifelian
Givetian
Frasnian
Famennian
←
Rhynie chert[1]
←
Hangenberg event, Famennian glaciation
←
Kellwasser event (Late Devonian extinction)[2]
←
Widespread[3] shrubs & trees
←
Hunsrück fauna
Subdivision of the Devonian according to the ICS, as of 2021.[4] Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.
Col du Puech de la Suque, Montagne Noire, France 43°30′12″N3°05′12″E / 43.5032°N 3.0868°E / 43.5032; 3.0868
Upper GSSP ratified
1986
In the geological timescale, the Middle Devonian epoch (from 397.5 ± 2.7 million years ago to 385.3 ± 2.6 million years ago) occurred during the Devonian period, after the end of the Emsian age.
The Middle Devonian epoch is subdivided into two stages: Eifelian and Givetian.
^Parry, S. F.; Noble, S. R.; Crowley, Q. G.; Wellman, C. H. (2011). "A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications". Journal of the Geological Society. 168 (4). London: Geological Society: 863–872. doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-043.
^Kaufmann, B.; Trapp, E.; Mezger, K. (2004). "The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)". The Journal of Geology. 112 (4): 495–501. Bibcode:2004JG....112..495K. doi:10.1086/421077.
^Algeo, T. J. (1998). "Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1365): 113–130. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0195.
^"Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
timescale, the MiddleDevonian epoch (from 397.5 ± 2.7 million years ago to 385.3 ± 2.6 million years ago) occurred during the Devonian period, after the...
forming extensive coal forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of vascular plants had evolved leaves and true roots...
Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Late Devonian extinction consisted of several extinction events in the Late Devonian Epoch, which collectively represent...
extinct genus of tree, or "tree-sized plant", that was extant in the MiddleDevonian period. As of 2024, a well-preserved fossilized forest of Calamophyton...
evolution of fishes. The Devonian period is broken into the Early, Middle and Late stages. By the start of the Early Devonian 419 mya, jawed fishes had...
(2004). "Diplacanthid acanthodians from the Aztec Siltstone (late MiddleDevonian) of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica". Fossils and Strata. 50: 23–43...
about 386 million years ago during the Givetian faunal stage of the MiddleDevonian geologic period in the Paleozoic era. It was caused by hypoxia from...
2007) discovery in Schoharie County, New York, of fossils from the MiddleDevonian about 385 million years ago united the crown of Wattieza to a root...
Morgane Oudot; Sébastien Maillet; Abdelkader Ouali Mehadji (2018). "MiddleDevonian trilobites of the Saoura Valley, Algeria: insights into their biodiversity...
long-lasting mountain building event which began in the MiddleDevonian, reaching a climax in the Late Devonian. It was active for approximately 50 million years...
by the Emsian, which lasts until the MiddleDevonian begins, 393.3± 2.7 million years ago. The MiddleDevonian comprises two subdivisions, the Eifelian...
geology of the Orkney islands in northern Scotland is dominated by the Devonian Old Red Sandstone (ORS). In the southwestern part of Mainland, this sequence...
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.2 ± 3.2 to...
embryophyte land plants first occurs in the middle Ordovician (~470 million years ago), and by the middle of the Devonian (~390 million years ago), many of the...
Pertica is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Early to MiddleDevonian (around 420 to 380 million years ago). It has been placed in the "trimerophytes"...
opposite). The stratigraphically oldest known examples belong to the MiddleDevonian order the Aneurophytales, with forms such as Protopteridium, in which...
Rutoceratid nautiloid from the middleDevonian of the United States Lorieroceras was a bizarre oncocerid nautiloid from the Devonian that possessed a helically...
taxon that became extinct at the end of the Paleozoic). In the early–middleDevonian (416–385 Ma), while the predatory placoderms dominated the seas, some...
lateral branches were attached. Fossils of these plants originate in the MiddleDevonian to Early Carboniferous periods (around 390 to 320 million years ago)...
lithostratigraphic terms lower, middle and upper ORS, however, do not necessarily match exactly with sediments of lower, middle and upper Devonian age, as the base of...
appear in the late MiddleDevonian or in the early Late Devonian. However, a series of trace fossils from the early MiddleDevonian of Poland suggests...
Late Cretaceous - Middle Eocene Thin-skin Maria Fold and Thrust Belt Cretaceous Thick-skin North Greenland Fold Belt MiddleDevonian - Early Carboniferous...
superficial rock of Orkney is almost entirely Old Red Sandstone, mostly of MiddleDevonian age. As in the neighbouring mainland county of Caithness, this sandstone...
The Marcellus Formation or the Marcellus Shale is a MiddleDevonian age unit of sedimentary rock found in eastern North America. Named for a distinctive...
species of articulate brachiopod from the middleDevonian. The species serves as an index fossil for the middleDevonian. Mucrospirifer mucronatus was discovered...
Kolihapeltis is a genus of trilobite that lived from the Early Devonian to the MiddleDevonian. Its remains have been found in Africa and Europe. Evolving...
the word) are first known from MiddleDevonian trackways, and body fossils became common near the end of the Late Devonian but these were all aquatic. The...
varied over geologic time, and they were likely most extensive in the middleDevonian, when they covered an area estimated at 5,000,000 km2 (1,900,000 sq mi)...
extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before their sudden extinction, surviving for about 50 million years...
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